Fig. 4.

Lateral pressure-mediated effects on transmembrane proteins. a Schematic illustration of the transformation of a membrane protein in a complex lipid environment, into a protein with simple geometric shape in a homogeneous symmetric lateral pressure field. First-order lateral pressure-mediated contributions to transmembrane protein partitioning into a given lipid environment (e.g., Lo/Ld domains) can be expressed by coefficients a _j ^± that describe protein shape and the first and second moments of lateral pressures p _j (J ₀…intrinsic curvature, κ _C …monolayer bending rigidity, h… position of the neutral plane, κ _G …Gaussian modulus of curvature) ( b) (Frewein et al. 2016). c The principle of estimating J ₀, in which template lipids forming inverted hexagonal phases (such as dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine) are doped with guest lipids of unknown intrinsic curvature. The intrinsic curvature of the guest lipid is determined from a series of scattering experiments assuming linear additivity of the individual lipid curvatures. Figure adapted from Kollmitzer (2015)