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. 2017 Aug 31;7:10272. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09880-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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DHT suppresses GDF9 expression and the antral follicle growth in vivo, responses attenuated by exogenous GDF9 in vitro. (A) Ovarian tissue sections from CTL and DHT-treated rats were immunostained for GDF9 analyzed and quantified using the ImageJ software. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of 15 follicles from 3 experimental replicates. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. AF group: ***P < 0.001 (vs. CTL) (B) Antral follicles (150–200 um) isolated from CTL and DHT-treated rats were cultured for up to 4 days in the absence and presence of GDF9 (100 ng /ml). Changes in follicular volume (assessed daily) were expressed as mean ± SEM of 30 follicles from 3 experimental replicates. [***P < 0.001 (DHT + GDF9 vs. DHT); ^##P < 0.01 (CTL + GDF9 vs. CTL)].