Table 2.
Number of participants, numbers and incidence rates of ESRD, and crude hazard ratios by baseline ESRD predictors.
| Variables | N | Cases | Person-years | Incidence Rate | Crude HR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic factors | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 30–34 | 133 | 2 | 1177 | 1.70 | 1.00 | |
| 35–39 | 474 | 5 | 4246 | 1.18 | 0.69 (0.13, 3.55) | 0.66 |
| 40–44 | 1146 | 37 | 10136 | 3.65 | 2.14 (0.52, 8.89) | 0.29 |
| 45–49 | 2037 | 72 | 17898 | 4.02 | 2.37 (0.58, 9.65) | 0.23 |
| 50–54 | 3216 | 179 | 27923 | 6.41 | 3.78 (0.94, 15.24) | 0.06 |
| 55–59 | 3192 | 169 | 27315 | 6.19 | 3.65 (0.90, 14.7) | 0.07 |
| 60–64 | 4052 | 236 | 34158 | 6.91 | 4.05 (1.01, 16.29) | 0.05 |
| 65–69 | 3876 | 212 | 31760 | 6.68 | 3.95 (0.98, 15.90) | 0.05 |
| 70–74 | 3426 | 173 | 26540 | 6.52 | 3.97 (0.99, 16.02) | 0.05 |
| 75–79 | 1932 | 103 | 14026 | 7.34 | 4.61 (1.14, 18.66) | 0.03 |
| 80–84 | 620 | 27 | 3936 | 6.86 | 4.50 (1.07, 18.93) | 0.04 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 12815 | 635 | 107541 | 5.90 | 1.00 | |
| Male | 11289 | 580 | 91574 | 6.33 | 1.09 (0.97, 1.22) | 0.14 |
| Age of diabetes onset (years) | ||||||
| <45 | 4773 | 340 | 40570 | 8.38 | 1.00 | |
| ≥45 | 19331 | 875 | 158545 | 5.52 | 0.66 (0.58, 0.75) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes-related factor and biomarker | ||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | ||||||
| ≤2.0 | 23517 | 937 | 196164 | 4.78 | 1.00 | |
| 2.0–4.0 | 498 | 238 | 2479 | 96.01 | 24.54 (21.25, 28.34) | <0.001 |
| >4.0 | 89 | 40 | 472 | 84.75 | 19.01 (13.85, 26.09) | <0.001 |
| Variation in HbA1c (%) | ||||||
| <17.3 | 7828 | 324 | 65277 | 4.96 | 1.00 | |
| 17.3–34.5 | 8025 | 381 | 66902 | 5.69 | 1.45 (1.26, 1.68) | <0.001 |
| >34.5 | 8251 | 510 | 66936 | 7.62 | 1.70 (1.47, 1.96) | <0.001 |
| Variation in systolic blood pressure (%) | ||||||
| <4.4 | 7948 | 349 | 65947 | 5.29 | 1.00 | |
| 4.4–8.7 | 7958 | 357 | 66634 | 5.36 | 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) | 0.75 |
| >8.7 | 8198 | 509 | 66535 | 7.65 | 1.48 (1.29, 1.69) | <0.001 |
| Baseline cardiovascular diseases | ||||||
| Diabetes retinopathy | ||||||
| No | 23780 | 1154 | 196721 | 5.87 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 324 | 61 | 2394 | 25.48 | 4.55 (3.51, 5.88) | <0.001 |
| Albuminuria | ||||||
| No | 21211 | 974 | 176107 | 5.53 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 2893 | 241 | 23008 | 10.47 | 1.91 (1.66, 2.20) | <0.001 |
| Medication use | ||||||
| Anti-diabetes medications | ||||||
| No medication | 944 | 38 | 7476 | 5.08 | 1.00 | |
| Oral only | 20722 | 829 | 173596 | 4.78 | 0.91 (0.65, 1.25) | 0.55 |
| Insulin | 903 | 165 | 6244 | 26.43 | 5.16 (3.63, 7.35) | <0.001 |
| Insulin+oral agent | 1535 | 183 | 11799 | 15.51 | 3.02 (2.13, 4.28) | <0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive medications | ||||||
| No | ||||||
| SBP < 130 and DBP < 85 | 4661 | 83 | 39929 | 2.08 | 1.00 | |
| SBP:130–139 or DBP:85–89 | 3269 | 65 | 28074 | 2.32 | 1.10 (0.79, 1.52) | 0.57 |
| SBP:140–159 or DBP:90–99 | 2904 | 88 | 24294 | 3.62 | 1.76 (1.30, 2.38) | <0.001 |
| SBP≥160 or DBP≥100 | 726 | 29 | 5933 | 4.89 | 2.39 (1.57, 3.65) | <0.001 |
| Yes | ||||||
| SBP < 130 and DBP < 85 | 2735 | 154 | 22226 | 6.93 | 3.39 (2.59, 4.43) | <0.001 |
| SBP:130–139 or DBP:85–89 | 3125 | 211 | 25557 | 8.26 | 3.91 (3.03, 5.04) | <0.001 |
| SBP:140–159 or DBP:90–99 | 4605 | 359 | 36922 | 9.72 | 4.77 (3.76, 6.06) | <0.001 |
| SBP≥160 or DBP≥100 | 2079 | 226 | 16180 | 13.97 | 6.86 (5.34, 8.83) | <0.001 |
| Anti-hyperlipidemia medication | ||||||
| No | ||||||
| Total cholesterol: <200 | 9706 | 299 | 80498 | 3.71 | 1.00 | |
| Total cholesterol: 200–239 | 3738 | 163 | 31111 | 5.24 | 1.41 (1.16, 1.70) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol: ≥240 | 1006 | 72 | 8112 | 8.88 | 2.40 (1.85, 3.10) | <0.001 |
| Yes | ||||||
| Total cholesterol: <200 | 3980 | 239 | 32698 | 7.31 | 1.93 (1.63, 2.29) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol: 200–239 | 3493 | 208 | 29202 | 7.12 | 1.91 (1.60, 2.28) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol: ≥240 | 2181 | 234 | 17496 | 13.37 | 3.62 (3.05, 4.29) | <0.001 |
Incidence rate = number of incident cases / person-years*1000; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence intervals.