Table 1.
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of participants.
| Characteristic | Usual Care | Telemonitoring | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 40) | (n = 45) | ||
| Men, n(%)b | 16 (40.00) | 24 (60.00) | 0.21 |
| Women, n(%)b | 24 (60.00) | 21 (40.00) | |
| Age (years), mean (±SD) | 53.77 (8.03) | 53.24 (7.29) | 0.89 |
| Duration of diabetes since diagnosis(years), mean (±SD) | 10.04 (7.64) | 7.91 (4.81) | 0.05 |
| Education,n(%)b | |||
| None | 3 (7.50) | 1 (2.20) | 0.80 |
| Primary | 13 (32.50) | 12 (26.70) | |
| Secondary | 22 (55.00) | 30 (66.70) | |
| Tertiary | 2 (5.00) | 2 (4.40) | |
| Employment status,n(%)b | |||
| Employed | 19 (47.50) | 25 (55.60) | 0.78 |
| Unemployed | 20 (50.00) | 20 (44.40) | |
| Marital status, n (%)b | |||
| Married | 36 (90.00) | 42 (93.30) | 0.83 |
| Divorced | 3 (7.50) | 2 (4.40) | |
| Widower | 1 (2.50) | 1 (2.20) | |
| Weight (kg), mean (±SD) | 77.14 (13.19) | 71.67 (13.30) | 0.12 |
| BMI (kg/m 2), mean (±SD) | 30.28 (5.05) | 29.20 (5.98) | 0.56 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), | |||
| mean (±SD) | 133.50 (33.12) | 132.48 (20.73) | 0.87 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (±SD) | 84.17 (16.49) | 85.57 (15.66) | 0.97 |
| Serum fructosamine (µmol/L), mean (±SD) | 337.34 (62.41) | 335.32 (78.73) | 0.46 |
| HbA1c (%), mean (±SD) | 8.79 (1.15) | 8.69 (1.12) | 0.16 |
| FPG (mmol/L), mean (±SD) | 8.68 (3.30) | 9.46 (3.01) | 0.02 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (±SD) | 4.87 (0.89) | 4.74 (0.72) | 0.10 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL), mean (±SD) | 2.07 (1.54) | 2.05 (0.79) | 0.38 |
| HDL (mg/dL), mean (±SD) | 1.16 (0.32) | 1.31 (0.42) | 0.41 |
| LDL (mg/dL), mean (±SD) | 2.81 (0.94) | 2.49 (0.75) | 0.40 |
| EQ-5D, mean (±SD) | 0.75 (0.35) | 0.80 (0.24) | 0.25 |
| Diabetes Knowledge Test, mean (±SD) | 32.85 (18.48) | 38.41 (12.30) | 0.06 |
| Diabetes Distress (PAID), mean (±SD) | 1.57 (0.78) | 1.60 (0.80) | 0.77 |
| Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale), mean (±SD) | 3.97 (2.59) | 4.2 (2.58) | 0.73 |
a P values based on independent t test. bChi-squared tests were used SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; EQ. 5D, EuroQoL-5D; PAID, Problem in Diabetes Survey