Table 1.
Summary of highly expressed genes in primary- vs. 20P-BMSCs.
| Genes | Fold change | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Chemotaxis/migration of immune cells | ||
| Pf4/Cxcl4 | 60633 ± 8047 | Platelet factor 4 (PF4), promoting coagulation, chemotactic for neutrophils and fibroblasts. Role in monocyte activation31 |
| Ccl4 | 23470 ± 492 | Macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β), chemotactic for monocytes32 and T-cell33 |
| Itgb2 | 18959 ± 1385 | Integrin beta-2 (CD18), Leukocyte adhesion |
| Ccl12 | 14047 ± 596 | Monocyte chemotactic protein-5 (MCP-5), attracts eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes |
| Ccr5 | 9960 ± 1401 | Receptor for CCL4/CCL5. CCR5 oligomerizes with CCR2 and CXCR434. |
| Ccr1 | 5939 ± 568 | Receptor for CCL5, recruitment of effector immune cells. |
| Itgam | 4270 ± 332 | CD11b, Macrophage-1 antigen, regulating leukocyte adhesion and migration. |
| Ccl3 | 465 ± 12 | Macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), Interact with CCL435. Attracts macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils. |
| Cxcl12 | 366 ± 45 | Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), chemotactic for lymphocytes36; Binds CXCR4, important for homing of MSCs to the injured site37. |
| Ccr2 | 149 ± 48 | CD192, Receptor for CCL2 (MCP-1), Important for MSC homing38, 39, and monocyte recruitment40 |
| Ccl2 | 78 ± 7 | Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), mediating monocyte chemotaxis signalling through CCR2. |
| Ccl11 | 12 ± 1 | CCL11 heterodimerizes with CCL241 |
| Ccl5 | 10 ± 1 | RANTES, CCR5 ligand, role in peripheral opioid expression42. |
| Antiinflammatory cytokines/receptors | ||
| Il10ra | 1034 ± 78 | IL-10 receptor subunit alpha. |
| Il10 | 4 ± 0.4 | Role in BMSC’s anti-sepsis effect22. |
| IL-13RA1 | 3 ± 0.2 | IL-13 receptor, alpha 1. |
| Tgfb (TGFβ) | 2 ± 0.1 | Role in BMSC’s antihyperalgesia4. |
| Proinflammatory cytokines/receptors | ||
| Tnf | 5019 ± 534 | Also stimulate MOR gene expression in neurons43. |
| Il1b | 1438 ± 149 | Important mediator of inflammatory response. |
| Il18 | 1104 ± 61 | Inducing interferon-gamma, which leads to activation of macrophage. |
| Tnfrsf1b | 8 ± 1 | TNFR2, CD120b, receptor for TNF. |
| Casp1 | 36 ± 2 | Caspase 1, Cleavage of precursors of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. |
| C3 | 1501 ± 74 | Complement component 3, related to BMSC activity21. |
| C5 | 26 ± 2 | Complement component 5, related to BMSC activity21. |
| Regulation of opioids | ||
| Cxcl5 | 793 ± 29 | LIX, CXCR2 ligand, LPS-induced chemokine, neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78). |
| Cxcl2 | 316 ± 59 | MIP-2α, CXCR2 ligand, chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. |
| Cxcr2/Il8rb | 15 ± 1 | Receptor for CXCL1/CXCL2, involved in opioid release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes30. |
| Cxcl1 | 3 ± 0.3 | CXCR2 ligand; Related to opioid release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes44. |