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. 2017 Apr 3;27(10):4351–4359. doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-4801-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — Accuracy of dual-layer detector spectral CT for bone mineral density quantification. Mean relative errors (%) per protocol per nominal design HA concentration are shown. Symbols indicate mean measurement error (%) and error bars standard deviation. * = Phantom specific concentrations (ESP-143; 51.2, 102.3 and 201.2 mg/cm³ HA and BDC-03-29; 104.4 and 206.2 mg/cm³ HA) were used to determine deviation. CTDIvol volumetric CT dose index, ESP European spine phantom, HA calcium hydroxyapatite, kVp kilovoltage peak, mAs milliampere second, mGy milligray, SD standard deviation