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. 2017 Aug 31;7:10163. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10824-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Butyrate modulates expression of Ah-responsive genes in YAMC and Caco-2 cells. Cells were treated with DMSO or 1–10 mM butyrate for 24 hr, and expression of AhR mRNA (A) and protein (B) were determined by real time PCR and western blots, respectively. Cells were treated with DMSO and 1–10 mM butyrate for 24 hr, and levels of Cyp1a1/CYP1A1 (C), Cyp1b1/CYP1B1 (D), Ahrr/AhRR (D) and Tiparp/TiPARP (F) mRNAs were determined by real time PCR. (G) Cells were treated with butyrate alone or in combination with CH223191, and Cyp1a1/CYP1A1 mRNA was determined by real time PCR. (H) YAMC-AhR-KO cells were treated with butyrate, and Cyp1a1 mRNA levels were determined by real time PCR. Results are expressed as means ± SE (3 replicated determination), and significantly (p < 0.05) induced (*) and inhibited (**) responses are indicated.