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. 2017 Aug 31;7:10220. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09392-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of XBP1 and BiP in islet of Langerhans. Immunofluorescence analysis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (a,e,c,g) BiP and (b,f,d,h) XBP1 in islets of Langerhans (dotted lines) from 3- and 7-month-old rats. At 3 months, the expression of (a) BiP and (b) XBP1 in control rats and (e,f) Wfs1-ex5-KO232 rats was comparable. By 7 months, the expression of (c) BiP and (d) XBP1 remained at basal level in WT rats, whereas the expression of these ER stress markers was clearly elevated in (g,h) the islets of Langerhans of Wfs1-ex5-KO232 rats. (i – l) Quantification of signal intensity of ER stress markers. Levels of (k) BiP and (l) XBP1 were increased in islets of Langerhans from 7-month-old Wfs1-ex5-KO232 rats. (m,n,o,p) mRNA analysis of ER stress markers BiP and spliced Xbp1 in lysates of isolated islets of Langerhans. Expression level of BiP was not altered in (m) 3-month- or (o) 7-month-old Wfs1-ex5-KO232 rats compared to expression in wild-type rats. Xbp1 splicing was increased in (n) 3-month- and (p) 7-month-old Wfs1-ex5-KO232 rats compared to expression in WT rats. The data were compared using t-tests; ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 between genotypes. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 4 to 9. Cell nuclei (blue) were counterstained with DAPI. Scalebar: 100 µm.