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. 2017 Aug 31;7:10175. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10810-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Graphene sheets freely suspended on a glass substrate; (b) the same sheets spread over the glass with a metallic scalpel; (c) Raman spectra of the samples; (d) NEXAFS spectra of the graphene sheets spread over silicon substrate. Normalized to σ* resonance peak at $~$ 291.7 eV, indicated to observe angle dependence.