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. 2017 Aug 31;7:10212. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10634-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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JA affects development of root vascular tissues. (a) Morphology of root vascular tissues of Col-0, jar1-1, and coi1-1 grown in 10 μM MeJA or not treated for 7 days. Maturation regions of the indicated roots were transversely sectioned and stained with toluidine blue for detection of xylem cells. (b) Quantification of extra xylem formation in these plants (n > 30). Percentages were calculated by dividing the number of plants with extra xylem by the number of plants observed. (c) RNA in situ hybridization and GUS staining showing JA responses in vascular tissues. Spatial expression pattern of the JA-responsive gene VSP1 in roots (top) grown in 10 μM MeJA (right) or not treated (left) for 7 days. GUS staining analysis (bottom) was performed using 4XJARE::GUS plants in which GUS expression was controlled by the activity of 4 copies of the Jasmonic Acid Response Element (JARE). These plants were treated with 100 μM MeJA for 6 hrs. GUS staining solution with 1 mM ferrocyanide/ferricyanide was used. Arrow and arrowheads indicate extra xylem and protoxylem, respectively. Scale bar = 20 μm.