Table 1. Effects of physical activity on cognition and related mechanisms in clinical and experimental studies. AD, Alzheimer's disease; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; CBF, cerebral blood flow; BOLD, blood-oxygen-level-dependent; BACE-1, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1; PSD95, postsynaptic density protein 95; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MDA, malondialdehyde; Aβ, beta-amyloid; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α; MMP9, matrix metallopeptidase 9; LRP1, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1; HSP70, heat shock protein 70; IDE, insulin degrading enzyme; HFD, high-fat diet.
