Figure 4.

Voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels mediate the effect of cyanidin. (A,B) Pretreatment of cells with the l-type Ca²⁺ channel blocker nimodipine (1–100 µM) inhibited the intracellular Ca²⁺ signals by cyanidin in a concentration-dependent manner; (C) Pretreatment of cells with 400 µM diazoxide, a K_ATP activator, failed to inhibit the responses to cyanidin. Results are presented as average traces or mean + S.E.M.; n = 91–174 cells per group from the three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 when compared with the control.