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. 2017 Aug 14;9(8):875. doi: 10.3390/nu9080875

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of propolis administration on severity of DSS-induced colitis. Rats were fed with Western diet containing different levels of propolis (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) starting for one week before experiment treatment (DSS, MW 36–50 kDa, 3% in the drinking water) started. (a) Disease activity index (DAI) over the period of experiment; (b) weight gain at the end of the experiment; (c) colon length/weight ratio was calculated at the end of the experiment; (d) Representative H and E-stained sections from 0% propolis, 0.3% propolis, and the untreated control group; (e) The histologic scores of rats (0 for no inflammation, 6 for maximal tissue damage and cell infiltration). The data represent the mean ± SEM of eight rats per group. * p < 0.05, and *** p < 0.001 significant difference versus the 0% propolis group.