Table 2.
Acute study characteristics.
| Reference | Country | Study Design | No. Randomised | No. Completed | Gender | Mean Age ± SD (Years) | BMI Status, Mean BMI (kg/m2) | Health Status | Anthocyanin Source (Food/Extract) | Intake | Anthocyanin (mg/dose) | Control | Duration | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Del Bo et al. 2013 [25] | Italy | A, CR | 10 | 10 | M | 20.8 ± 1.6 | Healthy, 22.5 |
Healthy | Homogenised blueberries | 300 g | 348 | Placebo jelly | 1 h | PAT-RHI |
| Flammer et al. 2013 [27] | USA | A, CR | 84 | 69 | M, F | Pl: 51 ± 15.1, I: 45 ± 17.5 |
Overweight/obese, Pl: 37.2 ± 5.5 I: 27.7 ± 5.9 |
Endothelial dysfunction, CVD risk, or CVD | Cranberry juice | 460 mL | 69 | Placebo drink | 1 h | PAT-RHI PAT-AI |
| Jin et al. 2011 [31] | UK | A, CR | 20 | 20 | M, F | 44.6 ± 13.3 | Healthy, 23.8 ± 2.5 |
Healthy | Black currant juice | 250 mL | 50 | Placebo drink | 2 h | LDI |
| Keane et al. 2016 [33] | UK | A, CR | 15 | 15 | M | 31 ± 9 | 27.0 ± 3.8 | Hypertension | Cherry juice | 60 mL | 73.5 | Control drink | 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 h | AI (%) PWV (m/s) LDI DVP-SI (m/s) |
| Rodriguez-Mateos et al. 2013 [41] | UK | A, CR | 11 | 10 | M | 27 ± 1.3 | Healthy, 25 ± 0.8 |
Healthy | Blueberry drink | 500 mL | 310, 517, or 724 | Placebo drink | 1, 2, 4, 6 h | FMD (%) PWV (m/s) AI (%) DVP-SI (m/s) |
| Rodriguez-Mateos et al. 2013 [41] | UK | A, CR | 11 | 11 | M | 27 ± 1.0 | Healthy, 22 ± 0.9 |
Healthy | Blueberry drink | 500 mL | 129, 258, 310, 517, or 724 | Placebo drink | 1 h | FMD (%) |
| Rodriguez-Mateos et al. 2016 [42] | UK | A, CR | 10 | 10 | M | 24 ± 2 | Healthy, 24 ± 2 |
Healthy | Cranberry juice | 450 mL | 7, 16, 23, 26, 32 | Control drink | 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 h | FMD (%) |
| Zhu et al. 2011 [48] | China | A, CR | 12 | 12 | M, F | NR | NR | HC | Purified anthocyanins | 320 mg | 320 | Placebo capsules | 1 h | FMD (%) |
Abbreviations: A, acute; AI, augmentation index; C, chronic; CR, crossover; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DVP-SI, digital volume pulse—stiffness index; F, females; FMD, flow mediated dilation; HC, hypercholesterolemic; LDI, laser Doppler iontophoresis; M, males; NR, not reported; P, parallel; PAT, peripheral arterial tonometry; Pl, placebo; PWV, pulse wave velocity; RHI, reactive hyperaemia index.