Table 3.
Descriptive information for the ten included studies
| Authors (year of study) | Study design; duration | Sample characteristics | Mental health descriptor; mode of delivery |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bapat, Jorm, and Lawerence [67] | Pre-post design; 3 weeks | Sport club leaders (n = 40; age = 38.62; 16 males, 24 females) | Mental health literacy through mental health first aid training; 8 h training program delivered over 3 sessions using a range of presentations, tasks and homework. |
| Breslin, Haughey, Donnelly, Kearney, and Prentice [37] | Controlled trial; 1 day (3 h session) | Sport coaches (n = 244; 126 males, 118 females) | Mental health awareness program involving videos and discussions with athletes who have experienced depression; 3 h program delivered in one session by a public health agency provider |
| Donohue et al. [68] | Single subject pre-post and follow up design; 4 months | Athletes with previous history of substance abuse or dependence (n = 7; age = 20; 4 males, 3 females) | Modifying behavioural and cognitive skills to overcome substance abuse; 12 individual meetings on a range of topics |
| Gulliver et al. [69] | Randomised control trial; 5 weeks | Elite athletes (n = 59; age = 25.5; 16 males, 43 females) | Mental health literacy; participants were allocated to one of a series of online psycho-educational programs |
| Pierce, Liaw, Dobell and Anderson [71] | Pre-post design (club leaders); controlled trial (football players); 3 weeks | Club leaders (n = 36; age = 45); and football players (n = 275; age = 21) | Mental health literacy; 12 h psycho-educational group sessions for leaders; information sessions were conducted with players alongside informal information |
| Longshore and Sachs [70] | Controlled trial; 6 weeks | College coaches (n = 20; age = 34.5; 8 males, 12 females) | Mindfulness training program to develop emotional awareness and reduce stress; an initial 1.5 h group session followed by a 6 week home program |
| Sebbens, Hassmen, Crisp and Wensley [29] | Controlled trial; 1 day (4 h) | Coaches, trainers, support staff and service provides (n = 166; age = 37.8; 83 males, 83 females) | Mental health knowledge and confidence program; 4 h applied workshop involving case studies, role-playing and videos |
| Slack, Maynard, Butt and Olusiga [72] | Single subject pre-post design; 1 season (approximately 6 months) | Referees (n = 3; age = 28.67; 3 males) | Mental toughness education and training program; six monthly workshops involving four individual-based and two group-based sessions consisting of role-playing and cognitive behavioural therapy techniques |
| Tester, Watkins and Rouse [73] | Pre-post design; 2 school years | ‘At risk’ schoolchildren enrolled in a sports program (n = 991) | Preparation for life skills (i.e. pro social behaviours, stress management) were taught by sporting mentors through a basketball program in and outside classroom settings over the course of 2 years |
| Van Raalte, Cornelius, Andrews, Diehl and Brewer [74] | Randomised controlled trial; 1 day (online session lasted at least 10 min) | Student athletes (n = 153; age = 19.63; 46 males, 103 females) | Mental health literacy; web-based program using exercises and interactive material |