Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients included in a study to compare the effect of preoperative midazolam or ketamine on the incidence of emergence agitation following sevoflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery, stratified by study drug.
| Characteristic | Midazolam group n = 34 | Ketamine group n = 33 |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 4.15 ± 1.40 | 4.21 ± 1.32 |
| Sex, male/female | 16/18 | 16/17 |
| Height, cm | 107.52 ± 11.59 | 106.56 ± 9.36 |
| Weight, kg | 18.84 ± 4.36 | 18.27 ± 3.93 |
| Duration of anaesthesia, min | 69.12 ± 12.46 | 66.06 ± 15.09 |
| Duration of surgery, min | 34.41 ± 12.48 | 32.42 ± 9.61 |
| Time to extubation, min | 17.06 ± 3.7 | 15.76 ± 5.61 |
| Duration of PACU stay, min | 39.26 ± 10.45 | 38.94 ± 13.68 |
| EtCO2 at extubation | 0.29 ± 0.11 | 0.28 ± 0.09 |
| Emotional statusa | ||
| Before study drug, 1/2/3 | 3/27/4 | 1/28/4 |
| After study drug, 1/2/3 | 32/2/0b | 33/0/0b |
| ICC, 0/1/2 | 29/2/3 | 31/2/0 |
Data presented as mean ± SD or n patients.
EtCO2, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration; PACU, postanaesthesia care unit; ICC, induction compliance checklist.
Evaluated using a 3-point scale (1 = calm, 2 = anxious but not crying, 3 = anxious and crying).
No statistically significant between group differences (P ≥ 0.05; χ2-test for categorical variables, independent samples t-test for continuous variables).
P < 0.001 vs before study drug within group; independent samples t-test.