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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Struct Biol. 2016 Apr 1;197(1):50–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.03.022

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

The two-state model for catch bonds. There are two protein-ligand bound states S1 and S2, which can interconvert with rates k1 and k2. From each state, the complex can disassociate to form Φ with characteristic rates k3, k4. All the rates depend on the external force in a Bell-like fashion, as described in the text.