Table 4.

Caregiver-reported Outcomes - Change from Baseline to 24 weeks (Adjusted for BCOS)

	All caregivers			Dartmouth			UAB
	Mean (SE)	p *	Effect size†	Mean (SE)	p *	Effect size†	Mean (SE)	p *	Effect size†
BCOS score	3.70 (2.0)	0.07	0.40	2.30 (2.2)	0.30	0.25	6.70 (3.8)	0.09	0.73
HADS
Anxiety	−0.20 (0.5)	0.69	−0.07	0.10 (0.7)	0.86	0.03	−0.70 (0.9)	0.42	−0.23
Depression	−1.30 (0.7)	0.08	−0.32	−1.10 (0.9)	0.26	−0.27	−1.90 (1.1)	0.11	−0.47
PROMIS
Global Physical Health	1.70 (1.4)	0.21	0.22	1.60 (1.8)	0.38	0.2	1.60 (2.2)	0.45	0.20
Global Mental Health	1.80 (1.3)	0.18	0.24	1.00 (1.8)	0.57	0.13	3.20 (1.8)	0.08	0.43
MBCB
Objective burden	−1.10 (0.5)	0.02	−0.33	−0.50 (0.6)	0.39	−0.15	−2.10 (0.8)	0.01	−0.63
Demand burden	−0.60 (0.4)	0.09	−0.28	−0.04 (0.3)	0.22	−0.19	−1.20 (0.8)	0.16	−0.56
Stress burden	−1.30 (0.4)	0.001	−0.58	−1.40 (0.5)	0.003	−0.62	−1.40 (0.7)	0.07	−0.62
Total Score	−3.10 (1.0)	0.002	−0.53	−2.40 (1.0)	0.03	−0.41	−4.60 (2.0)	0.03	−0.78
PAC
Self-affirmation	0.40 (0.8)	0.58	0.11	0.30 (0.9)	0.70	0.08	0.60 (1.4)	0.68	0.16
Outlook on life	0.40 (0.4)	0.41	0.16	0.50 (0.6)	0.41	0.20	0.40 (0.7)	0.61	0.16
PAC Total	0.90 (1.2)	0.43	0.15	0.90 (1.4)	0.52	0.15	1.10 (2.0)	0.57	0.19

Abbreviations: SE standard error, BCOS Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, PROMIS Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, MBCB Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale, PAC Positive Aspects of Caregiving

^* p-values from t-test or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate

^†Effect size: Cohen’s d or d-equivalent; small: d ~ 0.2, medium d ~ 0.5, large d ~ 0.8

All change estimates were adjusted for the baseline measures most strongly associated with caregiver attrition: caregiver education, baseline BCOS score and baseline MBCB - objective burden subscale