Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patient groups
| AI | Pleo. | n (M/F) | Agea (years) | CSF cell counta (cells/ul) | Mononuclear cellsa (%) | Symptoms durationa (days) | Facial palsyb | Headacheb | Cranial nerv palsyb | Negative serologyb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definite LNB | + | + | 53 (30/23) | 7.7 (2.2–15.5) | 154.0 (8–1289) | 98.5 (74–100) | 9.0 (0–109) | 35 (66) | 15 (28) | 1 (2) | 5 (9) | |||||
| Possible LNB | 41 (17/24) | 8.3 (1.8–15.7) | 47.0 (3–999) | 96.4 (10–100) | 4.0 (0–128) | 8 (20) | 20 (49) | 4 (10) | 25 (61) | |||||||
| AI neg. | − | + | 27 (10/17) | 8.8 (1.8–15.7) | 76.0 (7–999) | 97.7 (10–100) | 3.0 (0–14) | 5 (19) | 13 (48) | 4 (15) | 13 (48) | |||||
| AI nd. | nd | + | 13 (6/7) | 6.2 (2.7–15.5) | 31.0 (16–448) | 96.0 (59–100) | 6.0 (1–128) | 2 (15) | 7 (54) | 0 (0) | 12 (92) | |||||
| AI pos. | + | − | 1 (1/0) | 7.9 | 3.0 | nd | 14.0 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||
| Non-LNB | 91 (49/42) | 10.0 (1.1–17.7) | 2.0 (0–1174) | 75.7 (18–99) | 3.0 (0–166) | 23 (25) | 33 (36) | 6 (7) | 69 (76) | |||||||
| VZV | − | −/+ | 4 (3/1) | 7.8 (1.8–17.7) | 7.5 (0–579) | 95.9 (92–99) | 5.5 (0–10) | 2 (50) | 1 (25) | 0 (0) | 4 (100) | |||||
| Enterovirus | − | −/+ | 20 (10/10) | 7.2 (1.1–15.2) | 194.0 (0–1174) | 76.5 (18–98) | 1.0 (0–21) | 0 (0) | 13 (65) | 0 (0) | 17 (85) | |||||
| TBEV | − | + | 5 (4/1) | 10.8 (5.6–15) | 80.0 (43–104) | 71.6 (28–90) | 3.0 (2–5) | 0 (0) | 5 (100) | 0 (0) | 3 (60) | |||||
| Inflammatory | − | − | 8 (1/7) | 10.4 (5–15.5) | 2.0 (0–5) | nd | 2.5 (1–31) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (63) | |||||
| Facial palsy | − | − | 19 (11/8) | 11.7 (1.5–15.7) | 2.0 (0–5) | nd | 3.0 (0–38) | 19 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 14 (74) | |||||
| Headache | − | − | 11 (3/8) | 13.8 (6.1–16.9) | 0.0 (0–3) | nd | 31.0 (0–166) | 0 (0) | 11 (100) | 0 (0) | 7 (64) | |||||
| Others | − | − | 24 (17/7) | 6.6 (2.1–17.4) | 1.0 (0–5) | nd | 4.0 (0–162) | 2 (8) | 3 (13) | 6 (25) | 19 (79) | |||||
| Total | 185 (96/89) | 8.2 (1.1–17.7) | 34.0 (0–1289) | 97.1 (10–100) | 5.0 (0–166) | 66 (36) | 68 (37) | 11 (6) | 99 (54) | |||||||
Symptoms duration is until the diagnostic lumbar puncture
Negative serology means negative Borrelien-specific IgM and IgG screening test in blood at initial work-up
The “Inflammatory” group included three Guillain-Barré syndrome, three retrobulbar optic neuritis, one acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and one parainfectious brainstem encephalitis
LNB Lyme neuroborreliosis, AI antibody index, Pleo. pleocytosis (>5 cells/μl in CSF), n numbers, M/F male/female, neg. negative, nd not determined, pos. positive, VZV varicella-zoster virus, TBEV tick-borne encephalitis virus
aData are presented as median (range)
bData are presented as number (%)