Table 1. Licensed vaccines and vaccine candidates in clinical phases of development.

Vaccine	Status	Comments	Selected references
RotaTeq®/Rotarix®	Worldwide license	Eleven years’ post-licensure; worldwide distribution; demonstrated effectiveness	Giaquinto et al. 67; O'Ryan et al. 20
Rotashield®	First licensed rotavirus vaccine in 1998 (USA); was withdrawn due to association with intestinal intussusception	Underwent a clinical trial with a two-dose regimen beginning within the first 30 days of life demonstrating 63% efficacy for the first 12 months of life	Armah et al. 68
LLR®/Rotavin-M1®/Rotavac®	Restricted license	Only used in China/Vietnam/India (respectively); lack of robust effectiveness data	Fu et al. 32; Dang et al. 34; Bhandari et al. 69
UK reassortant (Rotasiil®)	Restricted license	Phase III study	Isanaka et al. 36
RV3BB	Early clinical development	Phase I or early phase II studies	Danchin et al. 70; Luna et al. 71; Bines et al. 38; Naik et al. 35
Truncated VP8 subunit and a tetanus toxoid P2 protein	Early clinical development	Phase I/II study	Groome et al. 39

Adapted from 72