Table 14.

New/Closed Infrastructure (Type C).

Authors	Intervention & Study		N, Response Rate & Method	Exposure Levels		Change in Levels and Distribution of Change across Participants	Outcome Measure(s) before and after Outcomes	Did Outcome Change with Change in Exposure? Yes/No (Significance Tested?)	Before/after Outcome Change Compared to That Estimated from an ERF	Comments	Confounders Adjusted for in Analyses
	Nature	Design		Before	After
Breugelmans et al. (2007) [48]	Amsterdam New runway opening Step-change increase in exposure. Focused on changes in outcomes		See study details as reported in Table 13 (annoyance) Calculated Lnight and change in Lnight were the exposure measures				Sleep disturbance 0–10 scale	Yes %Highly Sleep Disturbed does change for increase group	2002 panel survey before-results used to derive ERF for sleep disturbance Observed %Highly Sleep Disturbed is consistent with that estimated from above ERF Sleep disturbance response to change as estimated by ERF		Wide range of confounders incorporated into the analysis. See Table 13
Fidell, Silvati, & Haboly (2002) [49]	Vancouver Step change with new runway Change in aircraft operations		See study details as reported in Table 13 (annoyance)				Filter question, then: ‘bothered or annoyed in last year’ If Yes, Has your sleep been disturbed? Y/N Reported %sleep disturbed each area B & A Most areas, no change. See next column	Yes +7 dB area: B: 16%; A: 43% (chi2 27.5, p < 0.007) +3 dB area: B: 5%; A: 17% (chi2 8.2, p < 0.007)	n.a.		See Table 13