Table 1.
Basic descriptive statistics of the study participants.
| Study Variables | Total Sample (N = 271) | Men (N = 112) | Women (N = 159) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean ± s.d. | mean ± s.d. | mean ± s.d. | ||
| Numerical variables | ||||
| Age (years) | 19.81 ± 1.26 | 19.88 ± 1.33 | 19.75 ± 1.20 | 0.703 |
| Height (m) | 1.73 ± 0.09 | 1.81 ± 0.07 | 1.68 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 70.23 ± 15.01 | 81.89 ± 14.21 | 62.02 ± 8.90 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.19 ± 3.59 | 24.83 ± 3.82 | 22.03 ± 2.92 | <0.001 |
| Fat-mass (%) | 27.86 ± 7.90 | 22.29 ± 6.73 | 31.78 ± 6.11 | <0.001 |
| Fat-free mass (%) ** | 32.12 ± 6.07 | 38.08 ± 4.29 | 27.92 ± 2.68 | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure (mm/Hg) ** | 121.74 ± 16.91 | 131.03 ± 16.05 | 115.19 ± 14.25 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) ** | 82.59 ± 14.74 | 79.33 ± 15.44 | 84.89 ± 13.82 | <0.001 |
| SRH (points) ** | 4 (3–5) * | 4 (3–5) * | 4 (3–5) * | 0.747 |
| MD (points) ** | 4 (2–8) * | 3 (2–8) * | 4 (2–8) * | 0.114 |
| PD (points) ** | 5 (3–13) * | 6 (3–13) * | 5 (3–13) * | 0.092 |
| Categorical variables | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Smoking *** | ||||
| Never | 116 (42.8) | 46 (41.1) | 70 (44.0) | |
| Occasionally | 46 (17.0) | 25 (22.3) | 21 (13.2) | |
| Often | 24 (8.9) | 10 (8.9) | 14 (8.8) | |
| Very often | 85 (31.4) | 31 (27.7) | 54 (34.0) | 0.243 |
| Alcohol consumption *** | ||||
| Never | 66 (24.4) | 29 (25.9) | 37 (23.3) | |
| Occasionally | 157 (57.9) | 58 (51.8) | 99 (62.3) | |
| Often | 43 (15.9) | 22 (19.6) | 21 (13.2) | |
| Very often | 5 (1.8) | 21 (13.2) | 2 (1.3) | 0.276 |
| PA *** | ||||
| Physicallyinactive | 131 (48.3) | 49 (43.8) | 82 (51.6) | |
| Minimally active | 69 (25.5) | 21 (18.8) | 48 (30.2) | |
| HEPA active | 71 (26.2) | 42 (37.5) | 29 (18.2) | <0.001 |
No asterisk denotes using Student t-test for indepent samples; * denotes using median and interquartile range (IQR); ** denotes using Man-Whitney U-test; *** denotes using Chi-square test; HEPA = health-enhanced physical activity; BMI = body-mass index; SRH = self-rated health; MD = Mediterranean diet adherence; PA = physical activity; PD = psychological distress; p < 0.05.