Table 3.

Summary of factors reviewed as predictors of adherence to lifestyle modification programs.

Factors			Relationship
		Negative	Not Significant	Positive
Psychosocial	Self-efficacy General Diet PA	[40] [30]	[42] [37,38,43] [29,30,35,38]	[39] [29,47]
	Depression	[29,36,38,40]	[35,37,44]
	Motivation	[30,46] (PA)	[30,32,38,42] (Diet)	[29,45]
	Stress	[29,32,40]	[35]
	Stage of Change		[39,41]	[33,36]
	Anxiety	[40]	[29,37,44]
	Social support		[35] [38] (Diet and PA)	[36]
	Body shape concerns	[38,44]
	Quality of Life			[38,40]
	Self-esteem	[38]	[44]
	Perceived hunger		[38,40]
	Others *	Stringent weight outcome evaluation [38]; Subjective complaints pessimism, avoidant coping, tiredness, positive reframing [40]; History of mental disorders, alexythimic, perceived mothers overprotecting [44]; Perceived rule complexity [47].	Mental vulnerability [30]; Weight satisfaction, weight loss expectation [32]; Disinhibition, cognitive restraint [38]; Perfectionism [44]; Intention, planning [47].	Perceived susceptibility of CVD, self-rated care of own health [30]; Conviction for diet modification [39]; Mood, sense of coherence, support coping [40]; Parental bonding- maternal care [44].
Socio-demographic	Age		[30,31,32,37,38,41,43,44]	[29,34,35,36,40,42,46]
	Gender (Male)	[36,41,46]	[29,30,32,42,43]	[34]
	Employment status Unemployment	[41] (Part-time job) [29,40,44]	[30,32,35,37]
	Education		[30,32,34,36,41,43,44]	[35,37]
	Socioeconomic status		[34,46]	[31];
	Marital status	[40] (No partners)	[32,35,36,37,44]
	Race	[41] (Being African American)	[34,36].
	Others *	Presence of children at home [41]; No religion [29]	Income [35];
Behavioural	Eating Behaviour - Healthy Energy intake Carb ^ intake Fat intake Fiber intake Others *		[31,41,44] [31] [31] [31]	[38] [46] (use low fat products) [38] Healthier nutrition behaviours [37]; Eat breakfast, drink ≥6 glasses of water/day [46].
	- Unhealthy
	Binge eating	[29,38]	[32,40,44]
	Others *	Ineffectiveness (Eating Disorder Inventory) [40]; Eat to ease emotional upset, eat to reduce stress, drink full sugar soft drinks, skipping meals, fry foods, use butter for cooking, drink tea or coffee with sugar [46].
	Self-rated dietary habit		[30]
	PA Behaviour		[30,37,41,44]
	With PA habit			[36,38,46]
	No PA habit	[29]
	Previous weight loss attempts	[32,38,47]	[42,43]
	Smoking habit	[36,37]	[30,41]
	Drinking habit		[31,41]
	Stress management		[37]
Physical	Initial weight /BMI /Fat	[30,31,36,38,39]	[29,32,37,42,43,44]
	Initial weight loss			[39,43]
	Fitness		[30] (Physical)	[31] (Aerobic)
	Glucose intolerance	[30,31]
	Blood pressure		[31,37]
	Cholesterol		[31]

Key: * Others: Predictors investigated in 1 study only; ^ Carb: Carbohydrate.