Metabolite levels in Arabidopsis atg mutants. Starch (A), protein (B), and amino acids (C) were measured using whole rosettes of 4-week-old short-day-grown Arabidopsis plants after further treatment for 0, 3, 6, and 9 d in extended darkness. Values presented are means ± se of five biological replicates per genotype. Asterisks designate values that were determined by Student’s t test to be significantly different (P < 0.05) from the wild type (WT) at each time point analyzed. FW, Fresh weight.