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. 2017 Sep 1;12(9):e0182684. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182684

Table 2. Grip strength in Moscow, Denmark, and England.

  SAHRa     MADT and LSADT   ELSA     SAHR education-adjusted
Men                        
Age N Mean SE N Mean SE N Mean SE N Mean SE
55–59 125 44.4 0.68 501 48.2*c 0.32 689 45.8 0.31 125 44.2 0.67
60–64 159 41.7 0.57 470 44.2*cc 0.35 527 43.0 0.39 159 41.5 0.58
65–69 158 39.6 0.56 294 41.8**c 0.43 538 40.2 0.35 158 39.6 0.56
70–74 160 36.7 0.52 679 37.4 0.29 448 38.0ǂd 0.34 160 36.7 0.52
75–79 127 32.7 0.66 338 35.0**c 0.40 311 34.3 0.40 127 32.5 0.66
80–84 68 30.5 0.71 131 30.3 0.62 186 30.5 0.53 68 30.4 0.71
85–89 28 27.6 1.46 86 27.3 0.75 71 27.8 0.90 28 27.0 1.47
All ages 825 38.0 0.29 2499 40.3 0.19 2770 40.1 0.18 825 37.8 0.30
Age-stand.b 825 38.4 0.25 2499 40.4*c 0.15 2770 39.4*d 0.15 825 38.2 0.25
Women
Age N Mean SE N Mean SE N Mean SE N Mean SE
55–59 146 24.8 0.44 462 27.7*c 0.26 756 27.3*d 0.22 146 24.9 0.42
60–64 200 24.5 0.33 472 25.9*c 0.24 593 25.7**d 0.24 200 24.4 0.34
65–69 227 23.5 0.30 270 25.0*c 0.31 556 24.8*d 0.23 227 23.3 0.31
70–74 217 20.8 0.32 677 23.0*c 0.20 439 22.7*d 0.25 217 20.4 0.33
75–79 87 19.2 0.53 410 21.0**c 0.24 370 20.6ǂd 0.27 87 18.6 0.50
80–84 66 17.2 0.62 249 18.8 0.28 259 18.0 0.31 66 16.8 0.59
85–89 13 16.2 1.15 148 16.3 0.37 105 17.3 0.41 13 15.0 1.27
All ages 956 22.3 0.17 2688 23.4 0.12 3078 23.9 0.11 956 21.9 0.18
Age-stand. 956 22.1 0.16 2688 24.0*c 0.10 3078 23.7*d 0.10 956 21.9 0.15

a: N–sample size, SE–standard error, SAHR–Study of Stress, Aging, and Health in Russia, MADT–the Study of Middle-Aged Danish Twins, LSADT–the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins, ELSA–the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

c: p–value for SAHR vs. DK differences in grip strength

d: p–value for SAHR vs. ELSA differences in grip strength

* p-value < 0.001

** p-value <0.01

ǂ p-value <0.05