Table 5.

Sensitivity Analyses for Long-Term Within-Individual Associations

Sensitivity Analysis	Patients (n)	Substance-Related Events (n)	Long-Term		Concurrent
			OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)
Male
Agea (2 year interval)
13–17	258,227	7,439	0.76	(0.72–0.81)	0.62	(0.57–0.66)
18–25	141,540	6,508	0.85	(0.79–0.91)	0.85	(0.78–0.94)
26–35	53,897	1,051	0.92	(0.75–1.13)	0.68	(0.54–0.87)
36–45	54,081	1,072	0.84	(0.69–1.02)	0.57	(0.45–0.72)
46+	74,196	1,567	0.87	(0.74–1.03)	0.62	(0.50–0.76)
Time interval
3 years	389,529	11,597	0.79	(0.75–0.83)	0.69	(0.65–0.74)
Cumulative duration
In last 2 years	581,941	17,637	0.80	(0.76–0.84)	0.72	(0.69–0.76)
In last 3 years	389,529	11,597	0.79	(0.75–0.83)	0.74	(0.69–0.79)
Stimulant medication only
2 year interval	581,941	17,637	0.83	(0.79–0.87)	0.68	(0.65–0.72)
2 year cumulative			0.83	(0.79–0.88)	0.72	(0.68–0.76)
Ambulance, inpatient, or emergency events
2 year interval	581,941	30,300	0.86	(0.84–0.89)	0.72	(0.70–0.75)
2 year cumulative			0.89	(0.86–0.92)	0.75	(0.72–0.78)
SSRI
2 year interval	581,941	17,637	1.03	(0.97–1.10)	1.48	(1.39–1.56)
2 year cumulative			1.20	(1.13–1.29)	1.42	(1.34–1.51)
Female
Agea (2 year interval)
13–17	111,865	2,968	0.80	(0.72–0.89)	0.83	(0.74–0.93)
18–25	106,368	3,599	0.92	(0.83–1.01)	0.94	(0.84–1.06)
26–35	61,861	922	0.81	(0.65–0.99)	0.78	(0.62–0.99)
36–45	74,041	1,362	0.81	(0.69–0.96)	0.57	(0.47–0.69)
46+	108,685	1,918	0.93	(0.81–1.07)	0.53	(0.45–0.63)
Time interval
3 years	293,939	6,567	0.84	(0.78–0.90)	0.80	(0.74–0.87)
Cumulative duration
In last 2 years	462,820	10,769	0.92	(0.86–0.98)	0.78	(0.73–0.84)
In last 3 years	293,939	6,567	0.89	(0.83–0.96)	0.82	(0.76–0.90)
Stimulant medication only
2 year interval	462,820	10,769	0.90	(0.85–0.95)	0.76	(0.71–0.81)
2 year cumulative			0.95	(0.89–1.01)	0.77	(0.72–0.83)
Ambulance, inpatient, or emergency events
2 year interval	462,820	18,458	0.93	(0.89–0.97)	0.74	(0.71–0.78)
2 year cumulative			1.08	(1.03–1.13)	0.73	(0.70–0.77)
SSRI
2 year interval	462,820	10,769	0.97	(0.91–1.04)	1.28	(1.20–1.37)
2 year cumulative			1.15	(1.07–1.24)	1.25	(1.17–1.34)

Note. ORs test long-term and concurrent associations in simultaneous models, controlling for time since last substance-related event. Cumulative duration associations reflect differences in odds associated with a one-year increase in months of ADHD medication received in the prior two years. ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. OR = odds ratio. SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

^aAge group in years at start of long-term follow-up.