Table 1.
Influence of headache laterality on sample characteristics.
| Headache left | Headache right | Headache bilateral | No headache | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 49 | 43 | 98 | 765 | n.a. |
| Age at tinnitus onset (years) | 44.8 ± 15.3 (n = 47) | 42.4 ± 11.9 (n = 41) | 41.6 ± 13.3 (n = 89) | 44.0 ± 14.3 (n = 715) | F = 0.937; df = 3,888; p = 0.422 |
| Duration of tinnitus (months) | 89.9 ± 85.3 (n = 47) | 100.7 ± 119.2 (n = 41) | 97.5 ± 118.6 (n = 89) | 100.7 ± 106.4 (n = 714) | F = 0.165; df = 3,887; p = 0.920 |
| Gender (female/male) | 22/27a | 22/21a | 31/67 | 208/557a | χ2 = 17.413; df = 3; p < 0.001 |
| Tinnitus questionnaire | 47.4 ± 19.7 (n = 46); >no | 40.6 ± 18.3 (n = 40) | 46.9 ± 16.8 (n = 96) >no | 38.8 ± 17.2 (n = 736) | F = 10.964; df = 3,914; p < 0.001 |
| Tinnitus handicap inventory | 54.3 ± 23.8 (n = 46); >no | 48.8 ± 24.2 (n = 42) | 56.2 ± 21.9 (n = 97); >no | 44.0 ± 22.3 (n = 737) | F = 10.983; df = 3,918; p < 0.001 |
| Beck depression inventory | 14.2 ± 9.8 (n = 44); >no | 12.0 ± 9.1 (n = 42); >no | 14.5 ± 8.8 (n = 96); >no | 9.1 ± 7.4 (n = 731) | F = 19.545; df = 3,909; p < 0.001 |
| Numeric rating scale loudness | 6.7 ± 2.5 (n = 44) | 6.5 ± 1.8 (n = 40) | 6.8 ± 2.1 (n = 98) | 6.2 ± 2.2 (n = 726) | F = 3.262; df = 3,904; p = 0.021 |
| Numeric rating scale discomfort | 7.6 ± 2.0 (n = 43); >no | 7.0 ± 2.2 (n = 41) | 7.6 ± 2.1 (n = 97); >no | 6.6 ± 2.3 (n = 725) | F = 7.241; df = 3,902; p < 0.001 |
| Numeric rating scale annoyance | 7.1 ± 2.4 (n = 43) | 6.7 ± 2.7 (n = 40) | 7.1 ± 2.2 (n = 98) | 6.4 ± 2.4 (n = 728) | F = 3.402; df = 3,905; p = 0.017 |
| Numeric rating scale unpleasentness | 6.9 ± 2.3 (n = 44) | 6.7 ± 2.6 (n = 40) | 7.1 ± 2.2 (n = 98) | 6.4 ± 2.4 (n = 728) | F = 2.858; df = 3,906; p = 0.036 |
| Numeric rating scale ignorability | 7.0 ± 2.6 (n = 44) | 7.0 ± 2.8 (n = 41) | 7.0 ± 2.4 (n = 98) | 6.6 ± 2.7 (n = 728) | F = 0.872; df = 3,907; p = 0.455 |
| WHO quality of live—physical health | 13.6 ± 2.9 (n = 33); <no | 14.3 ± 3.0 (n = 27); <no | 13.4 ± 3.0 (n = 66); <no | 15.5 ± 2.6 (n = 515) | F = 16.543; df = 3,537; p < 0.001 |
| WHO quality of live—psychological factors | 13.0 ± 3.6 (n = 33); <no | 14.0 ± 2.8 (n = 28) | 13.3 ± 2.7 (n = 66); <no | 14.7 ± 2.6 (n = 417) | F = 8.243; df = 3,540; p < 0.001 |
| WHO quality of live—social relationships | 14.2 ± 3.7 (n = 33) | 13.6 ± 3.7 (n = 27) | 14.0 ± 2.6 (n = 66) | 15.0 ± 3.1 (n = 417) | F = 3.614; df = 3,539; p = 0.013 |
| WHO quality of live—environment | 15.7 ± 2.4 (n = 33) | 15.9 ± 2.0 (n = 28) | 15.7 ± 2.0 (n = 65) | 16.5 ± 2.1 (n = 418) | F = 3.916; df = 3,540; p = 0.009 |
| Sensitivity to loud sounds | 3.4 ± 1.2 (n = 47) | 3.3 ± 1.2 (n = 40) | 3.3 ± 1.2 (n = 96) | 3.2 ± 1.2 (n = 744) | F = 1.329; df = 3.923; p = 0.264 |
| Painful sensations by loud sounds (yes/no) | 28/14 | 26/13 | 68/23a | 354/314 | χ2 = 19.053; df = 3; p < 0.001 |
| Pulsatile tinnitus (no/yes with…/yes different from heartbeat) | 33/7/7 | 28/7/5 | 80/10/6 | 605/72/64 | χ2 = 7.863; df = 6; p = 0.248 |
| Tinnitusquality (tonal/noise/cricket/other) | 25/6/11/4 | 27/3/7/5 | 61/14/17/5 | 449/76/144/72 | χ2 = 5.686; df = 9; p = 0.771 |
| Influence by noise (yes/no) | 31/12 | 32/5 | 63/21 | 493/158 | χ2 = 2.658; df = 3; p = 0.447 |
| Somatic modulation (yes/no) | 24/24 | 17/25 | 42/55 | 258/486 | χ2 = 7.045; df = 3; p = 0.070 |
| Mean hearing threshold | 26 ± 13 (n = 44) | 19 ± 11 (n = 42) | 18 ± 12 (n = 96) | 23 ± 15 (n = 731) | F = 3.890; df = 3,682; p = 0.009 |
| Side of worse hearing (left/left = right/right) | 20/2/10 | 13/2/7 | 35/5/33 | 284/35/228 | χ2 = 2.914; df = 6; p = 0.820 |
| Vertigo (yes/no) | 28/19a | 23/20a | 52/43a | 158/585a | χ2 = 87.258; df = 3; p < 0.001 |
| Temporomandibular joint complaints (yes/no) | 17/31a | 11/31 | 29/68a | 124/620a | χ2 = 19.471; df = 3; p < 0.001 |
| Neck pain (yes/no) | 42/7a | 32/10a | 69/29a | 341/402a | χ2 = 56.552; df = 3; p < 0.001 |
| General pain (yes/no) | 25/22a | 25/18a | 58/39a | 249/480a | χ2 = 35.427; df = 3; p < 0.001 |
| Current psychiatric treatment (yes/no) | 12/36a | 8/32 | 26/70a | 89/659a | χ2 = 21.608; df = 3; p < 0.001 |
Bold printed lines indicate significant effects.
aThe number of cases in this cell is significant different from the number of expected cases under the assumption of independence of variables.
< or > indicate significant post hoc contrasts.
Please note that high values in quality of life mean high quality of life and that high values in the other measures mean high burden.