Table 2.
Influence of headache type on sample characteristics.
| Non-classifiable headache | Migraine | Tension-type headache | Tension-type headache and migraine | Cluster headache | No headache | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 63 | 86 | 25 | 11 | 8 | 765 | n.a. |
| Age at tinnitus onset (years) | 44.0 ± 14.2 (n = 59) | 41.4 ± 12.8 (n = 81) | 41.3 ± 12.5 (n = 24) | 40.0 ± 17.7 (n = 8) | 52.1 ± 12.1 (n = 7) | 44.0 ± 14.2 (n = 715) | F = 1.260; df = 5,888; p = 0.279 |
| Duration of tinnitus (months) | 84.7 ± 107.3 (n = 59) | 104.1 ± 114.1 (n = 81) | 111.9 ± 119.5 (n = 24) | 61.0 ± 82.3 (n = 8) | 94.0 ± 95.9 (n = 7) | 100.7 ± 106.4 (n = 714) | F = 0.544; d = 5,887; p = 0.743 |
| Gender (female/male) | 19/44 | 33/53 | 13/12a | 6/5 | 5/3a | 208/557a (n = 715) | χ2=18.761; df = 5; p = 0.002 |
| Tinnitus questionnaire | 44.7 ± 18.2 (n = 60); >no | 45.8 ± 18.4 (n = 81); >no | 45.8 ± 17.7 (n = 24); >no | 38.5 ± 14.7 (n = 11); <cluster | 56.6 ± 15.4 (n = 8); >migraine + tension; >no | 38.0 ± 17.2 (n = 736) | F = 6.561; df = 5,914; p < 0.001 |
| Tinnitus handicap inventory | 52.0 ± 23.4 (n = 61); >no | 54.9 ± 23.2 (n = 84); >no | 55.5 ± 23.2 (n = 25); >no | 43.9 ± 21.3 (n = 10) | 61.9 ± 21.7 (n = 8); >no | 44.0 ± 22.3 (n = 737) | F = 6.379; df = 5,919; p < 0.001 |
| Beck depression inventory | 12.5 ± 8.4 (n = 59); >no | 14.8 ± 9.2 (n = 83); >no | 12.9 ± 10.3 (n = 25); >no | 11.8 ± 8.5 (n = 10) | 17.0 ± 10.4 (n = 8); >no | 9.1 ± 7.4 (n = 731) | F = 11.813; df = 5,910; p < 0.001 |
| Numeric rating scale loudness | 6.5 ± 2.3 (n = 59) | 6.8 ± 2.1 (n = 84) | 7.0 ± 2.1 (n = 25) | 7.0 ± 2.1 (n = 10) | 6.6 ± 2.2 (n = 7) | 6.2 ± 2.1 (n = 726) | F = 1.973; df = 5,905; p = 0.080 |
| Numeric rating scale discomfort | 7.1 ± 2.2 (n = 60) | 7.6 ± 2.1 (n = 83); >no | 8.0 ± 1.8 (n = 24); >no | 7.3 ± 2.3 (n = 10) | 7.0 ± 1.6 (n = 7) | 6.6 ± 2.3 (n = 725) | F = 4.593; df = 5,903; p < 0.001 |
| Numeric rating scale annoyance | 6.9 ± 2.4 (n = 59) | 7.0 ± 2.3 (n = 83) | 7.7 ± 2.2 (n = 25) | 6.7 ± 2.5 (n = 10) | 6.2 ± 2.2 (n = 7) | 6.4 ± 2.4 (n = 728) | F = 2.406; df = 5,906; p = 0.035 |
| Numeric rating scale unpleasentness | 6.9 ± 2.2 (n = 59) | 7.0 ± 2.4 (n = 84) | 7.3 ± 2.5 (n = 25) | 6.6 ± 2.4 (n = 10) | 6.3 ± 2.2 (n = 7) | 6.4 ± 2.4 (n = 728) | F = 1.728; df = 5,907; p = 0.126 |
| Numeric rating scale ignorability | 6.8 ± 2.3 (n = 60) | 7.3 ± 2.7 (n = 84) | 6.9 ± 2.7 (n = 25) | 6.4 ± 2.6 (n = 10) | 6.1 ± 2.2 (n = 7) | 6.6 ± 2.7 (n = 728) | F = 0.961; df = 5,908; p = 0.441 |
| WHO quality of live—physical health | 13.4 ± 3.3 (= 44); <no | 13.5 ± 3.0 (n = 56); <no | 14.8 ± 2.1 (n = 19) | 15.7 ± 1.8 (n = 4) | 12.8 ± 1.8 (n = 6); <no | 15.5 ± 2.6 (n = 415) | F = 10.764; df = 5,538; p < 0.001 |
| WHO quality of live—psychological factors | 13.5 ± 3.4 (n = 45); <no | 13.2 ± 2.8 (n = 56); <no | 13.8 ± 2.6 (n = 19) | 15.8 ± 0.7 (n = 4); >no | 12.3 ± 2.4 (n = 6); <tension + migraine; < no | 14.7 ± 2.6 (n = 417) | F = 5.556; df = 5,541; p < 0.001 |
| WHO quality of live—social relationships | 14.3 ± 3.7 (n = 44) | 13.8 ± 2.8 (n = 56) | 14.4 ± 3.1 (n = 19) | 14.7 ± 2.9 (n = 4) | 11.6 ± 3.5 (n = 6) | 15.0 ± 3.1 (n = 417) | F = 2.940; df = 5,540; p = 0.012 |
| WHO quality of live—environment | 15.9 ± 2.4 (n = 45) | 15.5 ± 1.9 (n = 55) | 16.6 ± 1.6 (n = 19) | 15.1 ± 1.1 (n = 4) | 14.4 ± 2.3 (n = 6) | 16.5 ± 2.1 (n = 418) | F = 3.635; df = 5,541; p = 0.003 |
| Sensitivity to loud sounds | 3.1 ± 1.3 (n = 61) | 3.5 ± 1.2 (n = 83) | 3.2 ± 1.1 (n = 24) | 3.1 ± 1.6 (n = 10) | 4.0 ± 0.9 (n = 8) | 3.2 ± 1.2 (n = 744) | F = 1.929; df = 5,924; p = 0.087 |
| Painful sensations by loud sounds (yes/no) | 38/21 | 57/20a | 15/6 | 9/1a | 5/3 | 354/314a | χ2=21.061; df = 5; p < 0.001 |
| Pulsatile tinnitus (no/yes with…/yes different from heartbeat) | 50/4/7 | 60/15/7 | 20/3/2 | 9/1/0 | 4/2/2 | 605/72/64 | χ2=13.263; df = 10; p = 0.209 |
| Tinnitusquality (tonal/noise/cricket/other) | 40/11/8/4 | 52/9/16/6 | 14/4/5/1 | 6/0/3/1 | 2/0/3/3 | 449/76/144/72 | χ2=19.358; df = 15; p = 0.198 |
| Influence by noise (yes/no) | 43/14 | 58/16 | 17/7 | 7/1 | 3/1 | 493/158 | χ2=1.193; df = 5; p = 0.946 |
| Somatic modulation (yes/no) | 26/37 | 42/42 | 8/17 | 3/7 | 6/2 | 258/486 | χ2=13.751; df = 5; p = 0.017 |
| Mean hearing threshold | 18.5 ± 12.3 (n = 47) | 21.3 ± 13.4 (n = 55) | 18.9 ± 10.5 (n = 16) | 16.4 ± 6.7 (n = 8) | 30.5 ± 9.1 (n = 7) | 22.8 ± 14.5 (n = 555) | F = 1.807; df = 5,682; p = 0.109 |
| Side of worse hearing (left/left = right/right) | 25/2/107 | 28/6/20 | 8/0/8 | 3/1/4 | 5/0/1 | 284/35/228 | χ2 = 7.197; df = 10; p = 0.639 |
| Vertigo (yes/no) | 29/31a | 52/33a | 12/12a | 5/6 | 6/2a | 158/585a | χ2=91.328; df = 5; p < 0.001 |
| Temporomandibular joint complaints (yes/no) | 21/41a | 25/59a | 5/20 | 3/8 | 4/4a | 124/620a | χ2=22.777; df = 5; p < 0.001 |
| Neck pain (yes/no) | 48/14a | 62/24a | 19/6a | 9/2a | 8/0a | 341/402a | χ2=58.133; df = 5; p < 0.001 |
| General pain (yes/no) | 31/30a | 52/34a | 15/10a | 7/3a | 4/4 | 249/480a | χ2=36.522; df = 5; p < 0.001 |
| Current psychiatric treatment (yes/no) | 11/50 | 28/55a | 4/21 | 1/9 | 2/6 | 89/659a | χ2=30.493; df = 5; p < 0.001 |
Bold printed lines indicate significant effects.
aThe number of cases in this cell is significant different from the number of expected cases under the assumption of independence of variables.
< or > indicate significant post hoc contrasts.
Please note that high values in quality of life mean high quality of life and that high values in the other measures mean high burden.