Table 2.
Differences in cerebrospinal fluid amino acid level at days 0–3, 5, and 10 post-SAH in healthy individuals (control group) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) patients (study group).
| Amino acid | Control group | Study group, day 0–3 post-SAH | Control group vs study group, days 0–3 post-SAH. p value | Study group, day 5 post-SAH | Control group vs study group, day 5 post-SAH. p value | Study group, day 10 post-SAH | Control group vs study group, day 10 post-SAH. p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-phosphoethanolamine (μM) | 3.00 | 5.95 | <0.01 | 5.15 | <0.001 | 6.60 | <0.001 |
| Ethylamine (μM) | 9.80 | 9.40 | 0.798 | 9.65 | <0.001 | 11.10 | 0.292 |
| Taurine (μM) | 7.00 | 16.00 | <0.001 | 14.30 | <0.001 | 10.75 | <0.01 |
| Asparagine (μM) | 5.70 | 10.35 | 0.01 | 19.50 | <0.001 | 21.75 | <0.001 |
| Serine (μM) | 24.20 | 55.70 | <0.001 | 75.40 | <0.001 | 83.75 | <0.001 |
| Glycine (μM) | 8.90 | 38.75 | <0.001 | 34.85 | <0.001 | 35.20 | <0.001 |
| Hydroxyproline (μM) | 0.60 | 1.00 | 0.164 | 1.35 | 0.658 | 1.35 | 0.289 |
| Glutamine (μM) | 407.60 | 520.65 | <0.01 | 791.10 | <0.001 | 796.30 | <0.001 |
| Aspartic acid (μM) | 0.50 | 1.55 | <0.001 | 0.80 | 0.175 | 0.95 | 0.054 |
| Citruline (μM) | 1.60 | 2.75 | 0.011 | 2.55 | <0.01 | 3.30 | <0.01 |
| Threonine (μM) | 24.80 | 29.05 | 0.079 | 56.10 | <0.001 | 63.40 | <0.001 |
| Beta-alanine (μM) | 20.30 | 22.00 | 0.040 | 29.00 | <0.01 | 27.30 | <0.01 |
| Alanine (μM) | 35.00 | 88.05 | <0.001 | 114.55 | <0.001 | 122.55 | <0.001 |
| Glutamic acid (μM) | 1.20 | 5.40 | <0.001 | 3.00 | < 0.001 | 2.35 | <0.01 |
| Histidine (μM) | 11.40 | 28.20 | <0.001 | 43.35 | <0.001 | 40.20 | <0.001 |
| 3-Methylhistidine (μM) | 0.50 | 1.00 | <0.01 | 1.40 | <0.001 | 1.05 | <0.01 |
| 2-Aminoadipic acid (μM) | 0.00 | 1.65 | <0.001 | 2.10 | <0.001 | 1.45 | <0.001 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid (μM) | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.699 | 0.30 | 0.012 | 0.20 | 0.051 |
| 3-Aminoisobutyric acid (μM) | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.668 | 0.30 | 0.563 | 0.35 | 0.806 |
| 2-Aminobutyric acid (μM) | 3.20 | 6.20 | <0.01 | 6.60 | <0.001 | 7.30 | <0.001 |
| Arginine (μM) | 15.70 | 19.25 | 0.062 | 26.60 | <0.001 | 24.35 | <0.01 |
| Proline (μM) | 0.80 | 11.80 | <0.001 | 13.95 | <0.001 | 16.15 | <0.001 |
| Ornithine (μM) | 4.30 | 19.80 | <0.001 | 17.95 | <0.001 | 17.75 | <0.001 |
| Cystathionine (μM) | 0.30 | 2.05 | <0.001 | 1.05 | <0.001 | 1.40 | <0.001 |
| Cysteine (μM) | 0.40 | 2.05 | <0.001 | 1.75 | <0.001 | 1.65 | <0.001 |
| Lysine (μM) | 22.50 | 53.80 | <0.001 | 73.05 | <0.001 | 72.40 | <0.001 |
| Methionine (μM) | 3.10 | 6.20 | <0.01 | 11.70 | <0.001 | 13.65 | <0.001 |
| Valine (μM) | 16.20 | 38.65 | <0.01 | 66.20 | <0.001 | 76.30 | <0.001 |
| Tyrosine (μM) | 7.80 | 26.70 | <0.001 | 36.20 | <0.001 | 37.30 | <0.001 |
| Isoleucine (μM) | 4.40 | 9.65 | 0.001 | 13.05 | <0.001 | 15.05 | <0.001 |
| Leucine (μM) | 11.40 | 29.20 | <0.001 | 43.50 | <0.001 | 56.80 | <0.001 |
| Phenylalanine (μM) | 9.40 | 26.45 | <0.001 | 43.25 | <0.001 | 44.45 | <0.001 |
| Tryptophan (μM) | 1.90 | 9.70 | <0.001 | 13.60 | <0.001 | 12.85 | <0.001 |
Median levels of the amino acids are presented in the table. p values were calculated either by Mann–Whitney or Student’s t-test. Amino acids increasing significantly during SAH (on days 0–3, 5, or 10) are shown in bold.