Table 1.

Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors with potential effect on platelets aggregation and the fibrinolytic system.

SASP component	Function
Interleukin-6	Upregulates the production of hepatic thrombopoetin, elevating the number of platelets number (24)
IL-11	Contributes to megakaryopoiesis and thus indirectly to thrombopoiesis (51, 128)
PAI-1	Main inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase (24), regulates the dissolution of fibrin and also inhibits the degradation of the extracellular matrix by reducing plasmin generation (129)
MMP-2	Released by tumor cells and activated platelets in vitro (130)
GM-CSF	Contributes to megakaryopoiesis and thus indirectly to thrombopoiesis (51)
Fibronectin	Involved in cell adhesion and migration processes, including embryogenesis, wound healing, blood coagulation, host defense, and metastasis (131)
THPO	Necessary for megakaryocyte proliferation and maturation, as well as for thrombopoiesis (132)
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)	Cancer cell releases high levels of G-CSF primed neutrophils to release NETs, activating platelets (133), and also contributes to megakaryopoiesis and thus indirectly to thrombopoiesis (51)
MMP1	Activates protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) by cleaving the receptor and promotes platelet aggregation through PAR-1 (134)