Fig. 2.

Treatment with B. gladioli strain NGJ1 induces cell death in R. solani. Microscopic view of a untreated and b–f NGJ1-treated mycelia. Majority of bacteria were found associated with fungal mycelia forming a thin film around the mycelial surface during 24 h of confrontation b, c. Alterations in mycelial integrity such as shrinkage of cytoplasm e and hyphae degeneration etc. were observed during 48–72 h of confrontation d, f. The untreated mycelia did not show any such alteration a. Microscopic images of trypan blue and propidium iodide (PI) stained NGJ1 untreated and treated R. solani mycelia. The uptake of trypan blue h and PI j stains in bacteria-treated mycelia suggested cell death while lack of trypan blue g and PI i staining in untreated mycelia indicates that they are alive. Similar results were obtained in at least three independent experiments