Table 2.
Factors associated with disease-free survival and overall survival in the entire sample of patients with ypT0-3N0 rectal cancer
| Disease-free survival | Overall survival | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age, years | 0.002 | 0.013 | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| < 70 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ≥ 70 | 2.091 (1.299–3.366) | 1.944 (1.148–3.293) | 3.026 (1.584–5.780) | 3.606 (1.848–7.038) | ||||
| Sex | 0.226 | 0.051 | ||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Male | 1.393 (0.814–2.384) | 2.549 (0.998–6.511) | ||||||
| Distance from AV (cm) | 0.122 | 0.302 | ||||||
| ≥ 10.0 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 5.0–9.9 | 0.754 (0.340–1.674) | 0.683 (0.220–2.122) | ||||||
| < 5.0 | 1.256 (0.591–2.668) | 1.184 (0.407–3.443) | ||||||
| Differentiation | 0.646 | 0.327 | ||||||
| Well | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Moderate | 1.045 (0.591–1.848) | 1.103 (0.480–2.536) | ||||||
| Poor, mucinous | 1.493 (0.607–3.677) | 2.202 (0.692–7.010) | ||||||
| Pretreatment CEA (ng/mL) | 0.005 | 0.057 | 0.088 | |||||
| < 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| ≥ 5 | 1.877 (1.207–2.918) | 1.628 (0.985–2.692) | 1.717 (0.923–3.196) | |||||
| Surgical procedure | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.059 | ||||
| LAR | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| APR | 2.492 (1.480–4.196) | 3.919 (1.996–7.697) | 2.538 (1.272–5.064) | 2.007 (0.974–4.135) | ||||
| Stage | 0.005 | 0.047 | 0.007 | 0.007 | ||||
| ypT0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ypT1 | 2.234 (0.688–7.256) | 1.876 (0.505–6.972) | 5.049 (1.018–25.046) | 4.853 (0.977–24.109) | ||||
| ypT2 | 2.317 (1.066–5.038) | 2.661 (1.193–5.936) | 1.872 (0.483–7.261) | 1.488 (0.379–5.842) | ||||
| ypT3 | 3.555 (1.732–7.295) | 2.917 (1.354–6.284) | 5.340 (1.612–17.684) | 4.742 (1.419–15.843) | ||||
| LN dissected | 0.119 | 0.100 | ||||||
| ≥ 12 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| < 12 | 1.421 (0.913–2.212) | 1.691 (0.904–3.166) | ||||||
| LVI/PNI | 0.005 | 0.023 | 0.445 | |||||
| Negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Positive | 3.047 (1.391–6.678) | 2.606 (1.144–5.938) | 1.753 (0.415–7.401) | |||||
| Margin | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Positive | 9.165 (4.653–18.050) | 6.348 (2.786–14.467) | 10.374 (4.546–23.673) | 7.933 (3.351–18.779) | ||||
| Mandard regression grade | 0.004 | 0.050 | ||||||
| Grade 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Grade 2 | 2.503 (1.146–5.466) | 3.040 (0.823–11.230) | ||||||
| Grade 3 | 3.324 (1.538–7.185) | 3.467 (0.938–12.809) | ||||||
| Grade 4 | 4.434 (1.894–10.378) | 6.702 (1.731–25.946) | ||||||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 0.742 | 0.603 | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 0.921 (0.562–1.507) | 0.835 (0.423–1.648) | ||||||
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, AV anal verge, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, LAR lower anterior resection, APR abdomino-perineal resection, LN lymph node, LVI lymphovascular invasion, PNI perineural invasion