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. 2017 Aug 10;108(9):1811–1819. doi: 10.1111/cas.13315

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Loss of expression of ULK1 inhibits tumor cell growth in HPAC cells. BXPC‐3 and PANC‐1 cells were transfected with either the negative control (NC) siRNA or si‐ULK1 and used in following assay. (a) The expression levels of ULK1 were detected by qRT‐PCR. (b) The cell proliferation rates were determined by the CCK8 assay. *P < 0.01 versus negative control (NC). (c) Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. (d) Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by EdU (Scale bar: 100 μm) and Hoechst 33 258 (400 × magnification) staining assay. (e,f) Migration and invasion were determined by transwell migration (200 × magnification) assay, transwell invasion (200 × magnification) assay and wound scratch assay (40 × magnification). (g) Total protein and phosphorylation levels of ULK1 were determined by western blotting. (h) P62 and LC3 levels were determined in si‐ULK1 transfected cells by western blotting. GAPDH was used as an internal control. *P < 0.01 versus negative control (NC).