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Poly(dA:dT) treatment induced the secretion of cytokines by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). NHEKs were transfected with poly(dA:dT) for 12 h with or without priming for 24 h with 5 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Secretion of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) (A), IL-8 (B), IL-1α (C), IL-1β (D) was detected by ELISA from cell supernatant. Data are presented as mean ± SE of five independent experiments (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001).
