. 2017 Aug 29;8:1478. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01478

Table 1.

Estimated intercepts (B; trait value at 0 m a.s.l.) and slopes (m; change in trait unit per km) for linear models and their significance showing effects of extreme climate events (ECE) on five studied functional traits averaged over all species (‘All species’) and species of different altitudinal origin (‘Altitudinal origin’).

Trait	Treatment	B	m	B	m	B	m
				Altitudinal origin

		All species		Lowland		Upland

Specific leaf area (log), mm²/mg^-1	Control	3.20 ± 0.10^∗∗∗	0.01 ± 0.08	3.14 ± 0.11^∗∗∗	0.05 ± 0.05	3.43 ± 0.05^∗∗∗	-0.13 ± 0.09
	Advanced	3.18 ± 0.03	0.04 ± 0.08	3.13 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.05	3.63 ± 0.05^∗∗∗	-0.18 ± 0.09
	Delayed	3.21 ± 0.03	0.05 ± 0.08	3.10 ± 0.04	0.20 ± 0.05	3.70 ± 0.05^∗∗∗	-0.19 ± 0.09
	Drought	3.37 ± 0.03^∗∗∗	-0.11 ± 0.08^∗	3.23 ± 0.04^∗	0.08 ± 0.05	3.68 ± 0.05^∗∗∗	-0.33 ± 0.09^∗
Leaf carbon concentration, mg/g	Control	461 ± 6^∗∗∗	3.58 ± 4.46	466 ± 6^∗∗∗	-0.58 ± 5.29	442 ± 9^∗∗	15.79 ± 6.40^∗
	Advanced	461 ± 5	4.61 ± 4.52	465 ± 6	0.52 ± 5.32	425 ± 10	12.93 ± 6.84
	Delayed	458 ± 5	6.48 ± 4.49	462 ± 6	3.18 ± 5.24	425 ± 10	14.84 ± 6.60^∗
	Drought	465 ± 5	0.27 ± 4.56	470 ± 7	-4.17 ± 5.64	419 ± 10^∗	11.45 ± 6.62
Leaf nitrogen concentration, mg/g	Control	26.7 ± 2.6^∗∗∗	4.2 ± 2.1	23.9 ± 2.8^∗∗∗	8.2 ± 2.3^∗∗∗	23.9 ± 3.6	4.2 ± 2.7
	Advanced	27.6 ± 2.2	3.2 ± 2.1	26.5 ± 2.5	5.2 ± 2.3^∗	18.7 ± 3.9	5.9 ± 2.9^∗
	Delayed	24.2 ± 2.2	6.7 ± 2.1^∗∗	22.8 ± 2.5	9.3 ± 2.3^∗∗∗	19.9 ± 3.8	8.5 ± 2.8^∗∗
	Drought	31.1 ± 2.2^∗	-0.4 ± 2.1	25.5 ± 2.6	6.9 ± 2.4^∗∗	27.4 ± 3.9	-1.7 ± 2.8
Seed number (log)	Control	5.2 ± 0.4^∗∗∗	-1.3 ± 0.4^∗∗	6.0 ± 0.5^∗∗∗	-2.1 ± 0.4^∗∗∗	4.8 ± 0.4^∗∗	-0.9 ± 0.4^∗
	Advanced	5.3 ± 0.2	-1.4 ± 0.4^∗∗	5.8 ± 0.3	-2.0 ± 0.4^∗∗∗	4.0 ± 0.4	-1.2 ± 0.4^∗
	Delayed	5.0 ± 0.2	-1.2 ± 0.4^∗∗	5.6 ± 0.3	-1.8 ± 0.4^∗∗∗	4.1 ± 0.4	-1.0 ± 0.4 ^∗
	Drought	4.6 ± 0.2^∗∗∗	-0.8 ± 0.4^∗	5.0 ± 0.3^∗∗∗	-1.3 ± 0.4^∗∗	3.8 ± 0.4^∗∗	-0.5 ± 0.4
Seed mass (sqrt), mg	Control	1.0 ± 0.2^∗∗∗	-0.03 ± 0.17	0.7 ± 0.2^∗∗	0.3 ± 0.2	1.4 ± 0.1^∗∗∗	-0.3 ± 0.2
	Advanced	0.9 ± 0.1	0.05 ± 0.17	0.5 ± 0.1^∗	0.5 ± 0.2^∗∗	2.2 ± 0.1^∗∗∗	-0.2 ± 0.2
	Delayed	1.0 ± 0.1	-0.03 ± 0.17	0.7 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.1^∗∗∗	-0.3 ± 0.2
	Drought	1.1 ± 0.1^∗	-0.16 ± 0.17	0.6 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.2^∗	2.4 ± 0.1^∗∗∗	-0.5 ± 0.2^∗∗

To visualize the results of the linear models, several regression lines for each treatment and each trait studied were drawn, based on significance for slopes and intercepts (Figures 3, 5). Significance levels: ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, ^∗∗0.001 < p < 0.01, ^∗0.01 < p < 0.05.