Table 2.
Sample Characteristics of the Confirmatory Analysis With Algorithmically Matched Healthy Controls and First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients
| Controls (n = 186) | SCZ Relatives (n = 62) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and MRI-related characteristics | |||
| Sex (female/male) | 117/69 | 40/22 | .939 |
| Site (Bonn/Mannheim/Berlin) | 54/66/66 | 18/22/22 | 1 |
| Handedness (right/left/both) | 165/17/4 | 51/7/3 | .441 |
| Smoking (never/former/current) | 70/47/48 | 28/9/18 | .199 |
| Age (y) | 32.78 (9.88) | 32.69 (12.37) | .956 |
| Education (y) | 15.55 (2.53) | 15.22 (2.48) | .375 |
| 2-back accuracy (percent correct) | 0.72 (0.20) | 0.71 (0.21) | .74 |
| 2-back response time (ms) | 506.59 (295.62) | 506.98 (287.56) | .993 |
| Movement: abs. translation (mm) | 5.99 (4.15) | 6.56 (5.48) | .389 |
| Movement: abs. rotation (degrees) | 4.97 (4.53) | 5.44 (4.99) | .487 |
| Movement: power’s FD | 0.15 (0.07) | 0.16 (0.09) | .208 |
| Signal-to-noise-ratioa | 94.69 (15.92) | 90.24 (18.97) | .071 |
| Signal-to-fluctuation-noise-ratioa | 313.26 (92.42) | 305.63 (109.80) | .592 |
| (Neuro-)psychology (n per group) | |||
| MWTB (178/59) | 59.56 (7.66) | 58.25 (8.09) | .264 |
| SPQ (178/61) | 8.72 (7.74) | 11.08 (10.80) | .067 |
| SCL-90-R Somatization (177/61) | 45.32 (8.10) | 48.39 (9.44) | .015* |
| SCL-90-R Obsessive-compulsive (177/61) | 46.76 (7.59) | 47.74 (10.08) | .429 |
| SCL-90-R Interpersonal sensitivity (177/61) | 44.50 (7.22) | 46.34 (9.40) | .114 |
| SCL-90-R Depression (177/61) | 45.01 (7.80) | 47.11 (10.09) | .094 |
| SCL-90-R Anxiety (174/61) | 45.05 (6.90) | 47.57 (8.98) | .024* |
| SCL-90-R Hostility (172/61) | 45.42 (6.74) | 46.75 (8.20) | .211 |
| SCL-90-R Phobic anxiety (177/61) | 45.95 (4.19) | 46.54 (5.64) | .392 |
| SCL-90-R Paranoid ideation (177/61) | 44.25 (7.83) | 45.90 (8.71) | .170 |
| SCL-90-R Psychoticism (176/61) | 44.87 (5.64) | 47.44 (8.63) | .009* |
| TMT-A (179/61) | 24.35 (8.17) | 25.38 (8.57) | .403 |
| TMT-B (179/61) | 52.52 (17.63) | 58.91 (20.78) | .021* |
| Volumetric data (n per group) | |||
| Hippocampus volumeb (174/58) | 0.65 (0.05) | 0.65 (0.04) | .376 |
| DLPFC volumeb (174/58) | 0.50 (0.07) | 0.51 (0.07) | .724 |
Note: DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; FD, frame-wise displacement; MWTB, multiple-choice vocabulary test (T-transformed); SCZ, schizophrenia; SPQ, schizotypical personality questionnaire; SCL-90, symptom checklist 90 (T-transformed); TMT, trail making test. Categorical variables are reported as numbers of cases (note that not all categorical variables were available for all cases). Continuous variables are reported as mean and SD, and the numbers of available datasets per group were added in case of missing data. P values are based on 2 sample t tests.
See supplementary materials for details on scanner performance metrics.
Average grey matter volume equivalents, see supplementary materials for details on methods.
Significant group differences.