FIGURE 1.

The expression of the stem-cell related genes in A549 cell line treated with TGFβ1/TNFα. A549 cells were treated with TGFβ1/TNFα for 24 hours. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed in triplicate with primers specific for CD44, CXCR4, and POU5F1 (Oct4) genes, and the results were normalized to actin expression. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. *p<0.05 indicates a significant difference, while NS indicates a non-significant difference.