Table 3. Multivariable hazards model among patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Variable		Hazard ratio	95% confidence		P value
			Lower	Upper
Therapy
None		Reference
Palliative designation
Surgery		0.94	0.90	0.98	0.004
Radiation		1.05	0.98	1.12	0.155
Systemic Rx		0.55	0.53	0.57	<0.001
Pain management		1.45	1.38	1.52	<0.001
Combination		1.19	1.12	1.27	<0.001
Referral		1.20	1.13	1.27	<0.001
Non-palliative designation
Surgery		0.58	0.52	0.64	<0.001
Radiation		0.79	0.74	0.85	<0.001
Systemic Rx		0.46	0.46	0.47	<0.001
Combination		0.36	0.34	0.37	<0.001
Age (years)
18–59		Reference
60–69		1.09	1.07	1.12	<0.001
70–79		1.22	1.19	1.25	<0.001
≥80		1.44	1.40	1.48	<0.001
Sex
Male		Reference
Female		0.92	0.91	0.94	<0.001
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic		Reference
Black, non-Hispanic		1.01	0.98	1.03	0.67
Other		0.86	0.82	0.90	<0.001
Hispanic		0.94	0.92	0.97	<0.001
Payer
Medicare		Reference
Private		0.89	0.87	0.90	<0.001
Medicaid		0.95	0.91	0.98	0.002
Unknown		0.95	0.90	0.99	0.030
Self-pay		0.91	0.87	0.95	<0.001
Median income quartile
1st		Reference
2nd		0.96	0.94	0.99	0.003
3rd		0.97	0.94	0.99	0.003
4th		0.92	0.90	0.94	<0.001
Charlson/Deyo comorbidities
0	Reference
1	1.15		1.13	1.17	<0.001
≥2	1.41		1.37	1.45	<0.001
Facility type
CCP	Reference
Comprehensive CCP	0.93		0.91	0.96	<0.001
Academic/research	0.75		0.73	0.77	<0.001
Other	0.95		0.78	1.17	0.653
Region
Northeast	Reference
South	1.08		1.06	1.10	<0.001
Midwest	1.15		1.13	1.18	<0.001
West	1.05		1.02	1.07	0.001

CCP, Community Cancer Program.