Table 3.
Echocardiography
| C | FF | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| M‐mode left ventricular internal diameter trace (LV Mass Protocol) | |||
| HR (min−1) | 344 ± 13 | 380 ± 24 | 0.205 |
| LVID;d (mm) | 7.9 ± 0.5 | 7.7 ± 0.5 | 0.761 |
| LVID;s (mm) | 3.6 (2.8; 5.3) | 3.7 (3.1; 4.0) | 0.905 |
| Vol;d (mm3) | 342 ± 45 | 320 ± 40 | 0.735 |
| Vol;s (mm3) | 78 ± 24 | 56 ± 9 | 0.485 |
| SV (mm3) | 265 ± 21 | 264 ± 34 | 0.987 |
| EF (%) | 82 (70; 88) | 82 (79; 86) | 0.905 |
| FS (%) | 52 (41; 60) | 52 (50; 57) | 0.905 |
| CO (mm3/min) | 91 ± 9 | 100 ± 14 | 0.592 |
| Cardiac geometry | |||
| IVS;d (mm) | 2.2 (2.1; 2.2) | 2.1 (2.1; 2.5) | 0.548 |
| IVS;s (mm) | 3.6 (3.4; 3.6) | 3.5 (3.5; 4.2) | 1.000 |
| LVPW;d (mm) | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 0.076 |
| LVPW;s (mm) | 3.4 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 0.431 |
| LVID;d (mm) | 7.8 ± 0.4 | 8.0 ± 0.4 | 0.829 |
| LVID;s (mm) | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 0.855 |
| LV Mass (g) | 1103 ± 97 | 1278 ± 127 | 0.305 |
| Mitral tissue doppler measures | |||
| E/A | 1.31 ± 0.10 | 1.26 ± 0.09 | 0.704 |
| DS (mm/sec2) | 24 (17; 30) | 30 (17; 50) | 0.548 |
| IVRT (msec) | 27.0 ± 0.9 | 26.4 ± 1.8 | 0.375 |
| IVCT (msec) | 19.3 ± 1.0 | 19.5 ± 1.3 | 0.895 |
| ET (msec) | 56.3 ± 2.3 | 58.0 ± 3.4 | 0.344 |
| TEI index | 0.83 ± 0.03 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 0.637 |
| E’/A’ | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 1.06 ± 0.02 | 0.196 |
| E/E’ | 18.3 ± 1.8 | 22.6 ± 5.2 | 0.461 |
| S’ | 54.5 ± 2.0 | 48.0 ± 2.2 | 0.060 |
| Pulmonary venous flow profile | |||
| s‐wave (mm/sec) | 267 ± 16 | 257 ± 12 | 0.624 |
| d‐wave (mm/sec) | 520 ± 23 | 593 ± 66 | 0.377 |
| a‐wave (mm/sec) | 143 ± 18 | 199 ± 27 | 0.152 |
| PVad (msec) | 17.8 ± 0.8 | 20.2 ± 2.1 | 0.366 |
| Other | |||
| Desc AoV (mm/sec) | 1048 ± 31 | 853 ± 48 | 0.026 |
| Asc AoV (mm/sec) | 1203 (1115; 1358) | 1061 (1018; 1365) | 0.250 |
Data are presented as mean ± SE or median (25th percentile; 75th percentile); n = 5 per group. Bold indicates the results significant at the 0.05 level.
d, diastole; s, systole; HR, heart rate; LVID, left ventricular interrior diameter; Vol, volume; SV, stroke volume; EF, ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; CO, cardiac output; IVS, interventricular septum; LVPW, left ventricle posterior wall thickness; LVID, left ventricular interrior diameter; E, peak early diastolic left ventricular (LV) inflow velocity; A, late diastolic LV inflow velocity; E/A, ratio of early to late LV diastolic filling velocities; DS, deceleration slope of the E wave; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; IVCT, isovolumic contraction time, ET, ejection time, TEI index, myocardial performance index, calculated as [IVCT + IVRT]/ET; E’, peak early diastolic velocity at the mitral annulus; A’, late diastolic LV inflow velocity at the mitral annulus; S’, systolic velocity at the mitral annulus; PVad, pulmonary venous a‐wave duration; Desc AoV, descending aorta pulse wave velocity; Asc AoV, ascending aorta pulse wave velocity.