Table 1.
Description of the reference dietary pattern based on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and adjusted to include food items that are commonly consumed in Cameroon
| Scenario A, starchy fruits and vegetables are categorized with other starchy staples | Scenario B, starchy fruits and vegetables are categorized with other fruits and vegetables | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DASH food group | Estimated no. of servings/d recommended by DASH for 2000 kcal (8368 kJ) diet* | Example serving sizes | ‘Short list’ of food items selected from dietary data set† to represent food group | No. of servings/d, adjusted to 2100 kcal (8786 kJ)/capita per d | Average energy content per serving using Cameroonian food patterns (kcal/serving) | Average energy content of food group per day in Cameroon DASH pattern (kcal/capita per d)‡ | ‘Short list’ of food items selected from dietary data set† to represent food group | No. of servings/d, adjusted to 2100 kcal (8786 kJ)/capita per d | Average energy content per serving using Cameroonian food patterns (kcal/serving) | Average energy content of food group per day in Cameroon DASH pattern, (kcal/d)‡ |
| Dairy | 2·5 | 1 cup milk or yoghurt | Fresh whole cow’s milk, powdered cow’s milk, whole yoghurt | 2·5 | 162 | 409 | Fresh whole cow’s milk, powdered cow’s milk, whole yoghurt | 2·3 | 162 | 373 |
| Fats and oils | 2·5 | 1 teaspoon of oil or margarine | Groundnut, palm, cottonseed and palm kernel oil; margarine | 2·5 | 39 | 98 | Groundnut, palm, cottonseed, and palm kernel oil; margarine | 2·3 | 39 | 89 |
| Fruits | 4·5 | 1 medium fruit; ½ cup fresh fruit | Bananas, oranges, lemons/limes, papayas | 4·5 | 45 | 203 | Bananas, oranges, lemons/limes, papayas, plantains | 4·1 | 56 | 233 |
| Grains (Starchy staples) | 7·0 | 1 slice bread; ½ cup cooked rice, pasta or cereal | Pasta/macaroni, bread, rice, rice flour, maize, maize flour, millet, millet flour, sorghum, plantains, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, yam, taro, cocoyam | 7·1 | 115 | 813 | Pasta/macaroni, bread, rice, rice flour, maize, maize flour, millet, millet flour, sorghum | 6·4 | 117 | 752 |
| Meat, poultry, fish and eggs | 5·0 | 1 oz (28·35 g) cooked meat or fish; 1 egg | Fish (ocean and freshwater), crustaceans, beef, sheep meat, goat meat, pork, chicken eggs | 5·1 | 59 | 300 | Fish (ocean and freshwater), crustaceans, beef, sheep meat, goat meat, pork, chicken eggs | 4·6 | 59 | 273 |
| Nuts, seeds and legumes | 0·7 | ½ cup cooked legumes, 2 tablespoons seeds | Beans, cowpeas, groundnuts, groundnut paste, melon seed | 0·7§ | 163 | 117 | Beans, cowpeas, groundnuts, groundnut paste, melon seed | 0·7§ | 163 | 107 |
| Vegetables | 4·5 | ½ cup cooked vegetable | Tomatoes, onions, leeks, okra, cassava leaves, string beans, carrots, other vegetables (green leafy vegetables) | 4·5 | 35 | 160 | Tomatoes, onions, leeks, okra, cassava leaves, string beans, carrots, other vegetables (green leafy vegetables), Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, yam, taro, cocoyam | 4·1 | 66 | 272 |
| Total kcal/d | 2100 | 2100 | ||||||||
1 kcal=4·184 kJ.
*
See FAO( 53 ).
†
See Engle-Stone et al.( 44 ).
‡
Some values may differ from the product of the previous two columns due to rounding of the average kcal/serving.
§
Calculated from 5 servings/week. The adjusted (2100 kcal (8786 kJ)) value is slightly lower but rounds to 0·7 servings/d.