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Diagram to show how the Index of End-Plate Concavity (IEPC) is calculated for a single vertebra. Individual vertebral height measurements were made as described in O’Neill et al and as shown diagrammatically by the arrows (14). Thoracic and Lumbar IEPC values were, for the purposes of this paper, calculated by averaging the individual IEPC values for the 9 thoracic and 4 lumbar vertebrae respectively.
