Table 2.
Correlates of DDD severity
| Site, KL grading, and variable | OR (95% CI) | Prev* | RR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lumbar KL grade ≥ 3 | |||
| Age (per 5 yrs) | 1.47 (1.43, 1.51) | 0.48 | 1.20 (1.19, 1.22) |
| Weight (per 15 kg) | 1.33 (1.25, 1.41) | 0.48 | 1.15 (1.12, 1.18) |
| Lumbar IEPC (per 1.12 mm) | 0.73 (0.69, 0.77) | 0.48 | 0.84 (0.81, 0.86) |
| Sex (male vs female) | 1.81 (1.63, 2.00) | 0.43 | 1.34 (1.28, 1.40) |
| Forestiers disease (yes vs no) | 2.03 (1.40, 2.93) | 0.48 | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55) |
| McCloskey-Kanis fracture (yes vs no) | 1.24 (1.07, 1.43) | 0.47 | 1.11 (1.04, 1.19) |
| Lumbar KL grade ≥ 4 | |||
| Age (per 5 yrs) | 1.74 (1.58, 1.91) | 0.03 | 1.69 (1.55, 1.85) |
| Weight (per 15 kg) | 1.37 (1.20, 1.56) | 0.03 | 1.35 (1.19, 1.54) |
| Lumbar IEPC (per 1.12 mm) | 0.80 (0.71, 0.89) | 0.03 | 0.80 (0.72, 0.89) |
| Sex (male vs female) | 3.36 (2.56, 4.40) | 0.02 | 3.24 (2.51, 4.19) |
| Forestiers disease (yes vs no) | 4.32 (2.82, 6.61) | 0.03 | 3.91 (2.69, 5.69) |
| McCloskey-Kanis fracture (yes vs no) | 1.42 (1.05, 1.92) | 0.03 | 1.40 (1.05, 1.87) |
| Thoracic KL grade ≥ 3 | |||
| Age (per 5 yrs) | 1.39 (1.35, 1.44) | 0.69 | 1.10 (1.09, 1.10) |
| Weight (per 15 kg) | 1.55 (1.46, 1.65) | 0.69 | 1.12 (1.11, 1.14) |
| Sex (male vs female) | 0.72 (0.65, 0.81) | 0.73 | 0.91 (0.87, 0.94) |
| Forestiers disease (yes vs no) | 5.19 (3.15, 8.53) | 0.69 | 1.34 (1.29, 1.39) |
| McCloskey-Kanis fracture (yes vs no) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.27) | 0.69 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.07) |
| Thoracic IEPC (per 0.60 mm) | 0.82 (0.77, 0.88) | 0.69 | 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) |
| Cobb angle > 40 degrees (yes vs no) | 1.91 (1.67, 2.19) | 0.68 | 1.18 (1.15, 1.21) |
| Scheuermann’s disease (yes vs no) | 1.47 (1.21, 1.79) | 0.68 | 1.11 (1.06, 1.17) |
| Thoracic KL grade ≥ 4 | |||
| Age (per 5 yrs) | 1.51 (1.46, 1.57) | 0.16 | 1.40 (1.36, 1.45) |
| Weight (per 15 kg) | 1.73 (1.61, 1.86) | 0.16 | 1.55 (1.47, 1.64) |
| Sex (male vs female) | 1.62 (1.43, 1.84) | 0.12 | 1.50 (1.36, 1.67) |
| Forestiers disease (yes vs no) | 11.64 (7.82, 17.33) | 0.15 | 4.52 (3.96, 5.16) |
| McCloskey-Kanis fracture (yes vs no) | 1.15 (0.97, 1.37) | 0.15 | 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) |
| Thoracic IEPC (per 0.60 mm) | 0.86 (0.80, 0.92) | 0.16 | 0.88 (0.82, 0.94) |
| Cobb angle > 40 degrees (yes vs no) | 1.44 (1.23, 1.67) | 0.15 | 1.35 (1.19, 1.52) |
| Scheuermann’s disease (yes vs no) | 0.72 (0.58, 0.91) | 0.16 | 0.76 (0.62, 0.92) |
*
Prev denotes the representative baseline risk used in transforming odds ratio estimates to relative risk estimates, defined as the expected risk for a 65 year old with average levels of continuous variables or in reference category (i.e. female sex or absence of categorical risk factor).