Table 1.

Study and patient characteristics.

Study	Country	N	Age, y	Female, %	BMI, kg/m2	Symptom duration, y	Physician diagnosis	Reported outcome
								CTT	PAC-SYM	PAC-QOL
Abbott et al14	US	100	46	75	—	—	No	No	No	Yes
Bazzocchi et al15	Italy	29	40	86	—	—	Yes	Yesa	No	No
Bellini et al16	Italy	549	53	79	[24]	[>10]	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Belvaux et al17	France	11	[49]	100	[25]	[>10]	Yes	Yesa	Yes	Yes
Bouchoucha et al18	France	151	43	74	25	[15]	Yes	Yesa	No	No
Camilleri et al19	US	158	43	87	—	—	No	Yesa	No	No
Choopani et al20	Iran	35	48	91	27	—	No	No	Yes	No
Da et al21	China	67	37	81	—	10	No	No	No	Yes
Dupont et al22	France	244	42	100	24	—	No	No	No	Yes
Fateh et al23	Iran	60	23	0	—	1	No	No	Yes	No
Gürsen et al24	Turkey	50	39	92	24	8	Yes	No	No	Yes
Iqbal et al25	UK	20	39	80	—	6	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Jiang et al26	China	126	51	72	—	—	No	No	Yes	Yes
Neri et al27	Italy	878	50	80	24	17	Yes	No	Yes	No
Park et al28	Korea	88	[56]	[55]	—	—	Yes	Yesb	No	No
Polymeros et al29	Greece	39	56	87	24	—	Yes	Yesa	No	No
Rao et al30	US	27	71	52	—	—	Yes	Yesc	No	No
Ruiz-López and Coss-Adame31	Mexico	25	51	76	—	—	No	No	No	Yes
Saberi et al32	Iran	52	37	81	—	[3]	Yes	Yesa	No	No
Shekhar et al5	UK	11	38	100	23	—	Yes	Yesd	No	No
Wong et al33	US	231	76	70	—	—	Yes	No	No	Yes
Yiannakou et al34	Internationale	370	58	0	—	9	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Zhang et al35	China	553	42	48	—	5	Yes	Yesd	No	No
Zhang et al36	China	12	60	67	—	—	No	No	Yes	Yes

Abbreviations: CTT, colonic transit time; PAC-QOL, Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life; PAC-SYM, Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms.

The values in brackets represent estimated values.

^aAssessed by Bouchoucha method.³⁷

^bAssessed by Metcalf method.³⁸

^cAssessed by wireless motility capsule.

^dAssessed by custom radiopaque marker ingestion protocol.

^eEuropean study.