Figure 4.

AMPK activation in vitro reduced Cox-1 expression and M2 macrophages. A, representative Western immunoblot for Cox-1 and Gapdh expression in murine BMDMs stimulated with or without metformin or IL-4. B, production of 15d-PGJ₂ from murine BMDMs stimulated with or without metformin or IL-4 (20 h). C, percentage of CD206⁺Arg-1⁺F480⁺CD11b⁺ murine BMDMs stimulated with or without metformin or IL-4 relative to untreated control. Two-way ANOVA with Fisher's LSD test. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ****, p < 0.0001. n = 3–7 biological replicates per group. All experimental data are expressed as mean ± S.E.