Table 3.
Association of creatinine-adjusted urine concentration or activity of each RAS pathway component with DKD in people with type 1 diabetes
|
n |
No DKD | DKD | OR (95% CI) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No DKD | DKD | |||||
| Angiotensinogen/Cr, μg/g | 76 | 37 | 15 (8, 24) | 170 (18, 597) | 2.2 (1.6, 3.3) | 9.6 × 10−10 |
| Cathepsin D/Cr, μg/g | 73 | 37 | 31 (22, 46) | 147 (85, 219) | 6.5 (3.5, 14.6) | 2.3 × 10−14 |
| ACE/Cr, μg/g | 73 | 37 | 0.8 (0.4, 1.4) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.5) | 2.2 (1.4, 3.9) | 3.8 × 10−4 |
| ACE activity/Cr, 109 RFU/g | 81 | 37 | 1.6 (1.0, 2.1) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) | 4.6 × 10−4 |
| ACE2/Cr, μg/g | 73 | 37 | 2.7 (1.7, 4.2) | 4.1 (1.6, 5.7) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.7) | 0.54 |
| ACE2 activity/Cr, 106 RFU/h/g | 81 | 37 | 0.3 (0.1, 0.9) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.9) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 0.03 |
| APA activity/Cr, 106 RFU/h/g | 81 | 37 | 22 (4, 89) | 40 (11, 210) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.3) | 0.05 |
Values are medians (IQR). People with no DKD had eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1.73m2 and ACR <300 mg/g after ≥30 yr of type 1 diabetes. Those with DKD had either an ACR ≥300 mg/g or both eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 and ACR ≥30 mg/g. Odds ratios (OR) were obtained from logistic regression models with case-control status as outcome and urine concentration or activity of a single RAS component as exposure. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, and diabetes duration.