Table 5.
Association of urine concentration or activity of all RAS pathway components with DKD in people with type 1 diabetes
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.16 |
| Non-white | 1.8 (0.2, 14.8) | 0.59 |
| Female | 0.5 (0.1, 2.6) | 0.41 |
| Diabetes duration, yr | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.31 |
| Angiotensinogen/Cr, μg/g | 1.5 (0.9, 2.8) | 0.11 |
| Cathepsin D/Cr, μg/g | 6.5 (2.7, 22.4) | 1.5 × 106 |
| ACE activity/Cr, 106 RFU/gCr | 0.2 (0.1, 0.6) | 0.003 |
| ACE2 activity/Cr, 1,000 RFU/h/gCr | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.98 |
| APA activity/Cr, 106 RFU/h/gCr | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 0.36 |
Controls and cases are defined as in Table 3. ORs were obtained from logistic regression models with case-control status as outcome and the 6 listed urine RAS component concentrations or activities as exposures. All urine protein concentrations or activities are represented as continuous variables except urine renin, which is binary (detected, not detected). Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, and diabetes duration.