Fig. 7.
Effects of β-AR stimulation on alternans in one-dimensional strand simulations. A: CaTs along a 256-cell strand at a BCL of 260 ms for the control model, model with increased INa, and model with increased INa and homogenous β-AR stimulation. B: CaT and APD alternans ratio along the strand for the three model versions. C: mechanism underlying the absence of alternans in the control model (solid line) compared with the model with increased INa (dashed line) and the abolishment of alternans by β-AR stimulation (dashed-dotted line) as evident from AP, CaT, ICaL, and SR Ca2+ release flux. Note the smaller ICaL under control conditions. Slightly different positions along the strand are shown for the three conditions to enhance the presentation.