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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2016 Nov 25;65(1):44–53. doi: 10.1002/hep.28880

Table 2.

Estimated Adjusted Risk Ratios (aRR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of birth cohort hepatitis C antibody testing compared with standard-of-care testing by center and patient characteristics

Center (Intervention type)
Center 1
(Repeated, mailings)
aRR (95% CI)
Center 2
(Best Practice Alert)
aRR (95% CI)
Center 3
(Patient, solicitation
RR (95% CI)
Testing Group
 Standard-of-care (Risk based) ref. ref. ref.
 Birth Cohort
 (Intervention)
19.24 (9.70, 38.15) 13.19 (3.58, 48.62) 32.93 (19.34, 56.05)

Sex
 Female ref. ref. ref.
 Male 0.94 (0.82, 1.06) 1.08 (0.97, 1.20) 1.03 (ref., 1.07)

Ethnicity
 Non, Hispanic ref. ref. ref.
 Hispanic 0.70 (0.48, 1.01) 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) 2.94 (1.24, 6.98)
 Unknown 0.66 (0.57, 0.77) 0.95 (0.92, 0.98) 1.60 (1.05, 2.45)

Race
 Black 0.79 (0.67, 0.92) 1.00 (0.91, 1.10) 0.94 (0.83, 1.07)
 White ref. ref. ref.
 Asian 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) 1.09 (0.82, 1.44) 0.95 (0.79, 1.13)
 Other 0.77 (0.42, 1.41) 0.93 (0.79, 1.09) 0.81 (0.36, 1.85)
 Unknown 1.07 (0.92, 1.24) 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) 0.35 (0.18, 0.67)

Median Household Income (in dollars) of ZIP Code of Residence
 <30,000 0.87 (0.75, 1.01) 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) 1.03 (0.96, 1.10)
 30,000, 49,999 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) 0.87 (0.78, 0.96) 1.04 (0.97, 1.10)
 50,000, 69,999 ref. ref. ref.
 70,000, 99,999 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) 0.92 (0.81, 1.05)
 >100,000 1.13 (0.95, 1.35) 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) 0.71 (0.54, 0.95)
 Unknown 0.60 (0.52, 0.70) 0.88 (0.58, 1.36) 1.02 (0.92, 1.12)

Birth Year
 1945, 50 1.50 (1.31, 1.71) 1.11 (0.98, 1.26) 1.11 (1.04, 1.19)
 1950, 54 1.41 (1.26, 1.57) 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) 1.01 (0.96, 1.07)
 1955, 59 1.16 (ref., 1.34) 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) 1.02 (0.98, 1.05)
 1960, 65 ref. ref. ref.

Insurance Type
 Private ref. ref. ref.
 Public 1.27 (1.10, 1.48) 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) 0.81 (0.75, 0.89)
 Uninsured or Unknown 0.70 (0.28, 1.71) 0.89 (0.74, 1.07) 0.84 (0.59, 1.20)