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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pers. 2017 Apr 13;86(2):261–282. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12311

Figure 1. Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM; Hamaker et al., 2015) Showing the Prospective Associations between Personality and Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms (AUD Sx) from Adolescence (Age 17) to Young Adulthood (29).

Figure 1

This figure shows two random intercepts (Personality between and AUD Sx between) that reflect time-invariant between-person differences. Within-person stability is modeled over time (as shown by the autoregressive paths of Personality and AUD Sx) as well as reciprocal cross-effects (e.g., the effect of Personality on subsequent AUD Sx and AUD Sx on subsequent Personality), the correlation between Personality and AUD at Time 1, and the residual correlations at Times 2 and 3.