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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pers. 2017 Apr 13;86(2):261–282. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12311

Table 3.

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Constraint, Negative Emotionality, Aggressive Undercontrol and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) at Each Time Point: Results from Full ACE and AE models

Bivariate Decomposition Variance Components from Full ACE Bivariate Decomposition Genetic and Environmental ACE Correlations (between each personality trait and AUD at each time point) Variance Components from AE Bivariate Decomposition Genetic and Environmental AE Correlations (between each personality trait and AUD at each time point)
A C E rA rC rE A E rA rE
Age 17
1. Constraint .52* (.41, .57) .00 (.00, .10) .48* (.43, .53) −.34* (−.47, −.24) .42 (−1.0, 1.0) −.17* (−.24, −.10) .52* (.47, .57) .48* (.43, .53) −.34* (−.42, −.25) −.17* (−.24, −.10)
AUD Symptoms .59* (.50, .63) .00 (.00, .07) .41* (.37, .46) .59* (.54, .63) .41* (.37, .46)
2. Negative Emotionality .47* (.30, .52) .00 (.00, .15) .53* (.48, .59) .25* (.07, .36) .99 (−1.0, 1.0) .07 (−.00, .14) .47* (.41, .52) .53* (.48, .59) .25* (.16, .35) .07 (−.00, .14)
AUD Symptoms .59* (.48, .63) .00 (.00, .09) .41* (.37, .46) .59* (.54, .63) .41* (.37, .46)
3. Aggressive undercontrol .50* (.34, .55) .00 (.00, .14) .50* (.45, .55) .46* (.36, .62) −.65 (−1.0, 1.0) .19* (.12, .26) .50* (.45, .55) .50* (.45, .55) .45* (.37, .53) .19* (.13, .26)
AUD Symptoms .59* (.50, .63) .00 (.00, .07) .41* (.37, .46) .59* (.54, .63) .41* (.37, .46)
Age 24
4. Constraint .53* (.44, .58) .00 (.00, .07) .47* (.42, .53) −.38* (−.67, −.22) 1.0 (−1.0, 1.0) −.16* (−.23, −.08) .53* (.47, .58) .47* (.42, .53) −.35* (−.45, −.25) −.16* (−.23, −.09)
AUD Symptoms .37* (.18, .46) .04 (.00, .20) .59* (.54, .65) .41* (.35, .46) .59* (.54, .65)
5. Negative Emotionality .44* (.26, .51) .02 (.00, .18) .54* (.48, .60) .38* (.08, .76) −1.0 (−1.0, 1.0) .12* (.05, .49) .46* (.41, .52) .54* (.48, .59) .28* (.17, .39) .12* (.05, .19)
AUD Symptoms .36* (.18, .46) .04 (.00, .19) .60 (.54, .66) .41* (.35, .46) .59* (.54, .65)
6. Aggressive undercontrol .51* (.38, .56) .00 (.00, .11) .49* (.44, .55) .53* (.33, .85) −1.0 (−1.0, 1.0) .21* (.14, .28) .51* (.45, .56) .49* (.44, .55) .46* (.36, .56) .22* (.15, .28)
AUD Symptoms .36* (.18, .46) .05 (.00, .20) .59* (.54, .66) .41* (.36, .46) .59* (.54, .65)
Age 29
7. Constraint .49* (.40, .54) .00 (.00, .07) .51* (.46, .57) −.46* (−1.0, −.04) 1.0 (−1.0. 1.0) −.18* (−.24, −.11) .49* (.43, .54) .51* (.46, .57) −.30* (−.42, −.17) −.18* (−.24, −.11)
AUD Symptoms .13 (.00, .32) .14 (.00, .28) .73* (.67, .80) .29* (.22, .34) .71* (.66, .78)
8. Negative Emotionality .39* (.23, .48) .05 (.00, .18) .56* (.51, .62) .05 (−1.0, 1.0) 1.0 (−.65, 1.0) .12* (.05, .18) .44* (.38, .50) .56* (.51, .62) .29* (.15,. 42) .11* (.04, .17)
AUD Symptoms .12 (.00, .31) .15 (.00, .29) .73* (.67, .80) .28* (.22, .34) .72* (.66, .78)
9. Aggressive undercontrol .47* (.32, .52) .00 (.00, .13) .53* (.48, .59) .57* (.08, 1.0) 1.0 (−1.0, 1.0) .20* (.13, .27) .47* (.41, .52) .53* (.48, .59) .45* (.33, .56) .20* (.14, .26)
AUD Symptoms .14* (.001, .33) .13 (.00, .27) .73* (.67, .80) .28* (.22, .34) .72* (.66, .78)

Notes. AUD = Alcohol Use Disorder. This table shows results from bivariate decompositions between the three examined personality traits (constraint, negative emotionality, aggressive undercontrol) and AUD symptoms at each time point (each numbered row represents one cross-sectional correlation). Total additive genetic (A), shared (or common) environment (C), and nonshared environmental (E) variance are shown (variance components add to 1.0). rA, rC, and rE refer to additive genetic and nonshared environmental correlations between the three examined personality traits and AUD symptoms. Results in gray text (left) show results from the full ACE models. Results in black text (right) show results from the more parsimonious AE models (all C parameters could be dropped without a significant decrement in model fit; Δχ2 ranged from .00 to 3.27 on 3 df change). Parameters are significantly different from zero if 95% Confidence Intervals (shown in parentheses) do not cross zero (also indicated by * p < .05).